Transcript bYTEBoss CNS herbs2

Kava-kava (Piper methysticum)
Parts used : roots, rhizomes
Properties: bitter, pungent, warming herb, diuretic, relieves pain,
relaxes spasm, stimulant effect on circulatory and nervous
system
Constituents: kava lactones / pyrones, kavain, dihydro-kavain
methysticin, yangonine,
Medicinal use: nervous anxiety, stress, restlessness, insomnia
The sedative effect of kava-pyrones might be mediated via the
GABA-A receptor.
Precautions and dosage:
Patients should not use kava without first obtaining medical
advice, and doses should not exceed 300 mg/day.
In one clinical trial using WS 1490, the occurrence of adverse
effects was rare. Only two reports (stomach upset in both cases)
were rated as “possibly related.” The most commonly reported
adverse effect of kava usage is kava dermopathy—a yellow,
scaly, leprosy-like eruption of the skin and inflammation of the
eyes.
The drug contraindicated during pregnancy or nursing. It is also
contraindicated in patients with endogenous depression because
it increases the danger of suicide.
Daily dose: equivalent of 60 to 120 mg kava lactones.
Possible interaction between kava-lactones and
pharmaceutical drugs.
The drug may enhances the effectiveness of barbiturates and
other psychopharmacological agents.
Kava lactons inhibit Cytochrome P-450
Drug clearance is slowing down, extended effect or toxicity
Deficiency of CYP2D6 (7-9% of Caucasian population)
People should avoid kava predisposed to liver problem or
already taking drugs that have adverse effect on the liver.
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
• Actions: Anxiolytic, mild
sedative, hypnotic, spasmolytic
• Medicinal Uses: insomnia,
nervous unrest, stress and
neuralgia, depression and
anxiety
• Side effects:low
• Doses: 400-500 mg liquid ext
capsules of 100, 250, 380, 400,
445, 475, 500, 1000 mg
tablets 160 mg 550 mg
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Sesquiterpenes (volatile oils) and valepotriates (iridoid
triesters).
• Acts via a central adenosine mechanism (partial agonist)
• Inhibits cAMP accumulations
• No clearly identified toxicities in humans
• Possible adverse reactions:
CNS: headache, morning drowsiness, restlessness.
CV: cardiac disturbances
GI: GI complaints
Withdrawal symptoms
Drug-herb Interaction
• No drug interactions have been reported in humans
• Potential reaction with barbiturates and benzodiazepines
• Contraindicated while undergoing treatment with
barbiturates
• May be helpful in easing withdrawal from
benzodiazepines.
Passion flower (Passioflora incarnata)
• Actions: Nervine, sedative,
hypnotic, anticonvulsive,
hypotensive
• Medicinal Uses: insomnia,
nervous agitation, stress and
neuralgia, anxiety, asthma
• Side effects: mild
• Doses: up to500 mg liquid ext
capsules of 150-300 mg
tablets 200-300 mg
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Alkaloids(indol alkaloids, harmine ,harmol, harmaline,
passaflorine) and flavonoids (apeginin various glycosides).
• Exact mechanism is unknown : CNS stimulation via MAO
inhibition
• Inhibits metabolism of serotonin and noradrenalin
• No clearly identified toxicities in humans
• Possible adverse reactions:
CNS: headache, morning drowsiness.
CV: tachycardia, hypotension
GI: nausea
Drug-herb Interaction
• Potential reaction with hexabarbital
• Contraindicated while undergoing treatment with
barbiturates
• Isocarboxazid, phenelzine, selegiline, tanylcypromine,
Action may be potentiated.
Hops (Humulus lupus)
• Actions: Sedative, hypnotic,
antispasmodic, anti-microbial,
bitter
• Medicinal Uses: insomnia,
restlessness, neuralgia, anxiety,
indigestion
• Side effects: mild
• Doses: 0.50-1.0g or 1-3ml
tincture , 2 tsp 1 cup water tee.
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Bitter substances(volatile oils mainly humulene) and flavonols
(kaempherol, quercetin) diterpene alcohols (maruciol,
sclareol).
• Beta –bitters may have estrogenic activity, humulene inhibit
gram-positive bacterial growth
• The volatile hemiterpene 2-methyl-3-buten- 2-ol sedative
hypnotic
• Possible adverse reactions:
CNS: sedation.
Respiratory: bronchial irritation
Skin : irritation, deramatitis
Drug-herb Interaction
• CNS depressant: possible additive effect
• Phenothizine –type antipsychotics: possible additive
effect
• Contraindicated to use with small children.
• Patient with estrogenic dependent tumors should avoid.
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
• Actions: sedative, carminative
anti-viral, anti-thyroid (inhibits
TSH synth)
• Medicinal Uses: insomnia,
anxiety, chronic bronchial
cataract, migrane, HBP,
topically: rheumatism, nerve
pain,
• Side effects: low
• Doses: 1.5g for tea, 1-5 drop
essential oil inhalation, topical
cream.
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity
• Volatile oils : citral (geranial, limone flavonoids, tannins,
caffeic , ursolic ,pomolic acids
• Anti bacterial agent , Anti-viral, (herpes simplex), mosquito
repellent
• Cautions:
• Patient with glaucoma, hypertension, thyroid disorders, BPH
allergic to lemon citrus scent should not use.
Drug-herb Interaction
• No direct herb drug interaction reported.
• Avoid alcohol use.
• Direct oral use of essential oil should be avoided.