Transcript 3620 2016 midterm 1 study slides

Introduction to
Management Information Systems
BUS 3620
Why should you study information systems?
How can individuals make better use of technology?
How does an organization use information systems?
What makes up an information system?
What are some career opportunities?
What are some ethical challenges?
Gerhard Steinke
1-1
Core Drivers
• Data - Raw facts that describe the characteristics of an
event or object (07071991)
• Information - Data converted into a meaningful and
useful context (student birthdate)
• Knowledge - Skills, experience, and expertise coupled
with information and intelligence that creates intellectual
resources…wisdom (graduate student)
 Knowledge worker – Individual valued for their ability to
interpret and analyze information
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Business Intelligence (BI) / Big Data
• Business intelligence - Information collected from within the
organization and from sources such as suppliers, customers,
competitors, partners,…to find patterns, trends, and
relationships for strategic decision making
http://www.oracle.com/us/solutions/businessanalytics/business-intelligence/overview/index.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7T1iuCNMN1g&index=
2&list=PL6gBNP-Fr8KUOyTKNXUHXj1scFmZ_DwRK
• Big Data - collection of data sets so large and complex that
it becomes difficult to process using current database
management tools... The challenges include capture, curation,
storage, search, sharing, transfer, analysis, and visualization.
(Wikipedia!) http://www.ibm.com/big-data/us/en/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D8oji5EKbM
1-3
IS High Level Titles
Roles and Responsibilities
• Chief information officer (CIO) – Oversees all uses of
IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business
goals and objectives
• Chief technology officer (CTO) – Responsible for
ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability,
and reliability of IT
• Chief security officer (CSO) – Responsible for ensuring
the security of IT systems
• Chief privacy officer (CPO) – Responsible for ensuring
the ethical and legal use of information
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Career Opportunities in IS
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Positive outlook
New Applications
New Technologies
Outsourcing concerns
Shortage of qualified
workers
• http://www.careerbuilder.com/jobs/category/information-
technology/
• http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/rankings/besttechnology-jobs
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Five Competitive Strategies:
Can you use IT in each area?
• Cost Leadership
 Become low-cost producers
 Help suppliers or customers reduce costs
• Differentiation Strategy
 Develop ways to differentiate a firm’s products from its competitors
• Innovation Strategy
 Find new ways of doing business -unique products, services, markets
• Growth Strategy
 Expand company’s capacity to produce, expand into global markets
• Alliance Strategy
 Establish linkages and alliances with customers, suppliers, competitors,
consultants and other companies
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The Competitive Advantage of IT
Does IT Matter?
• No:
 Nicholas Carr argues that IT is infrastructure like
electricity
 Too commonplace to get competitive advantage
• Yes:
 IT is not just networks and computers
 The important part is the software and information and
how IT is used
• Compare different websites…
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Infrastructure - Computer
Hardware
Gerhard Steinke
•History of computers
•Types of computer systems
•Hardware components and functions
•Bits and bytes
•Selection criteria
Categories of Computers
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Super Computers http://www.top500.org/
Mainframes (with dumb terminals)
Servers - Virtual Servers
Microcomputers / Desktop / Laptop
 1979, Apple computer
 1982, IBM PC
 Handheld
 Smart Phone / Tablet
 Wearables
http://www.amazon.com/b?node=10048700011
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Computer Hardware Functions
 Input
 Keyboard, mouse, optical scanner, touch
screen, pen-based, speech recognition, optical
character recognition (OCR), magnetic strips,
card reader, digital camera, magnetic ink
character recognition (MICR)
 Processing
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/dell-inspiron-desktop-8gb-memory-1tb-hard-driveblack/9405441.p?id=1219703860754&skuId=9405441
 Output
 Monitor, printer, voice response system,
signal
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Computer Storage
RAM
Solid State Drive
Flash Drive
Hard drive
(RAID)
CD,DVD
Tape
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/buying-guides/drives-storage-buyingguide/pcmcat337000050001.c?id=pcmcat337000050001&type=category#internal
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Computer Processing Speeds
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Millisecond – thousandth of a second
Microsecond – millionth of a second
Nanosecond – billionth of a second
Clock speed of the computer:
 Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per
second
 Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per
second
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Moore’s Law - Computer power
will double every 18 to 24 months
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Bits and Bytes
 Bit - Either zero or one
 Byte - Group of eight bits - one character
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Measuring Storage Capacities
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Kilobyte (KB): 1024 bytes (210)
Megabyte (MB): one million bytes (220)
Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes (230)
Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes (240)
Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes (250)
Exabyte (EB): 260 bytes
Zettabyte (ZB): 270 bytes
http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch
space.htm
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Radio Frequency Identification - RFID
 Tag and identify mobile objects
 E.g., merchandise, packages, pets
 Use RFID chips to transmit and receive radio
signals
 Chips half the size of a grain of sand
 Passive chips:
 do not have power source and derive
power from signal in reader
 Active chips:
 Self-powered
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http://www.atlasrfidstore.com/rfid-tag-sample-pack-uhfpassive/?gclid=CKuKra_61cQCFZGTfgodaoIARQ
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Cloud Computing
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Hardware Evaluation
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buy/lease
quality
support, warranty
performance
cost
reliability
footprint
compatibility
upgradeability
technology
ergonomics
environmental
requirements
 Software
 Ethical Issues
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Business Continuity /
Disaster Recovery
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http://www.disasterrecovery.org/
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/disaster-recovery
http://www.computerworld.com/category/disaster-recovery
http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/How-to-write-adisaster-recovery-plan-and-define-disaster-recovery-strategies
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=w
eb&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CD4QFjAFahUKEwjpq4aY7p_I
AhUDppQKHQXPAeo&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.purdue.edu%
2Fsecurepurdue%2Fdocs%2Ftraining%2FBusinessContinuityPlan
ning.ppt&usg=AFQjCNEAJLkDogOM_XQGCk3IjXQFrt8YRg
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INFRASTRUCTURE –
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
GERHARD STEINKE
Application Software
Systems Software - Operating Systems
Programming Languages
Software Trends
Impact on Organizations
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Presentation
Spreadsheet
DBMS
Graphics
Email (Outlook, Exchange)
Instant messaging (IM)
Educational
Mobile apps
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Project Management
Accounting
Mapping - GIS
CAD/CAM
Groupware
Scheduling
Tax
Blog
Games
Web/Mobile apps
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
- OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
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Programs that
Manage the operations of the computer
 Control the input/output, storage resources and activities of
the computer system
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
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Microsoft
 Windows XP, 7, Windows 8, 10
 https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/features
 Apple
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iPhone 6 – iOS 9
http://www.apple.com/support/ios9/
MAC OS X – El Capitan
http://www.apple.com/osx/
 Unix,
Linux
Can run on mainframes, servers and PCs
Open-source
Android 6.0 Marshmallow
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https://www.android.com/
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
HTTPS://WWW.UDEMY.COM/BLOG/BEST-PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE/
Python
 Java
 C++
 C
 C#
 PHP
 Ruby
 Basic
 Cobol
 Fortran
 HTML
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SOFTWARE CLASSIFICATIONS
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Custom software
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COTS software - Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)
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Software developed with the intention of selling the
software in multiple copies
Apps
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Software applications that are developed for use by an
organization
Thousands available, e.g.,
https://itunes.apple.com/us/genre/ios/id36?mt=8
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps-andgames
Application service providers (ASPs)
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Companies that own, operate and maintain application
software
Pay-as-you-go
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SOFTWARE TRENDS
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Custom designed to COTS (Commercial off the
Shelf)
Individual applications to bundled (suites)
Text to Graphical User Interfaces / wizards
From machine dependent to machine independent
to Web-based Interface – Browsers
 E.g., Microsoft Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera,
Mozilla, Safari, Chrome, Microsoft E____
Web/Mobile apps
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WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?
 Create
software or just use software?
 Select software to match needs
 Integrate software into organization
 Software licensing
 Software quality – testing concerns
 Purchase/lease software? Warranty?
 How does software influence organization?
 Possibilities
 Constraints
 Cost – new, upgrade, maintenance
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SOFTWARE ETHICAL ISSUES
 Copying
software, piracy
 New versions all the time
 Software that does more than you expect

http://www.eggheaven.com/eggs/software/137excel
 Quality
- Expectation/toleration of software
bugs and errors?
 http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2015/
12/22/3200-wa-prisoners-incorrectlyreleased-early-since-2002/77764040/
 How long should software be supported?
 Who should test software?
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Data Management
Gerhard Steinke
Data Concepts, Requirements
Database Management
Types of Databases
Data Warehouse, Data Mining
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What do we Need from
Data/Information?
• Accuracy
• Reliability
• Consistency
• Security
• Availability
• Single source
• Reduced data redundancy
• Web accessible
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Database Management Approach
• Single User databases
• Microsoft Access
• Client/Server, Multi-user
• Oracle
• Microsoft SQL Server
• IBM DB2
• Open-source MySQL
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Fundamental Data Components
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Character
Field
• Represents an attribute (a characteristic or quality) of
some entity (object, person, place or event)
Record
• Key field
Table
Database
Database Management System – DBMS
• Interface between user and data
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Access Example
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Tables
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define field characteristics, primary key
Relationships
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showing connections between tables
Check for referential Integrity …an entry must exist in a
different table?
Forms
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used to enter data
Reports
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used to present data
Query
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Selection of the data (sequence may be important)
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Queries –SQL Language, Graphical
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Data Warehouse
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Stores data that has been extracted from operational,
external and other databases
Data has been cleaned, transformed and cataloged
Used by managers and professionals for
• Data mining,
• Online analytical processing,
• Business analysis,
• Market research,
• Decision support
Data mart is subset of warehouse for specific use of
department
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Data Mining
Data in data warehouse is analyzed to reveal
hidden patterns and trends
Examples:
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• Perform market-basket analysis to identify new
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business opportunities / processes
Find root causes to quality problems
Cross sell to existing customers
Profile customers with more accuracy
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Data Resource Management
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Data Administrator - Managerial activity
Database Administrator (DBA) – more technical, database setup
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Data Issues:
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Value of data
Challenge of managing data
Data collecting
Data storage
Data privacy
Data security
Data mining
Data owner
Web-based access
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Identify trends in telecommunication networks.
Identify basic components, functions and types of networks.
Examine network management issues.
Telecommunications: The exchange of information over
networks
Why?
• Share data - Between computers: Email, file-sharing, backup
• Share peripheral devices – Printers, storage
 Local (LAN)
 Wide Area Networks (WAN)
 Internet
Mainframe
Laptop Server
Communications
Services
Local
Manager
WAN
Communications
Products
Work Station
Server
POS
Clients
Networked Workgroups
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Internet
Provider
(ISP)
Wireless Access Point
Firewall
Router
Switch
Hub
Hub
Switch
Clients
Repeater
Network Interface Card (NIC)
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Twisted Pair - similar to phone wire
Fiber Optics
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glass/plastic fiber
using light
greater bandwidth
lower attenuation - greater
repeater spacing
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Satellite – microwave signals
◦ HEO - 22,000 mi. up, LEO - 500 mi. up
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Cellular – radio signals to cell towers
Wireless – IEEE 802.11b,a,g,n,…
◦ Speeds to 54 Mbps or more
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Bluetooth
Microwave – line of sight
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Don’t need cabling
Good for
◦ mobility
◦ historical buildings
◦ manufacturing
environments
◦ real time inventory
◦ hand held devices
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Lower speeds
Higher cost
Security?
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Some computers are servers – usually more
powerful, expensive,…
Single point of failure – server is down…
Need administrator, account management,…
Purpose: Email, Database, File, Print,
Application, Web servers,…
The rest are clients
can be smaller and/or slower
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Manage user accounts
Manage performance
Assigning priorities
Detecting and correcting errors
Installing cables, wireless access points
Traffic, security, capacity planning,…
Often responsible for hardware including
routers, switches, firewalls…maybe even
servers and storage
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• Security Administration
• User/Group Administration
• Network Configuration
• System Config.
• Backup & Restore
• Media Control & Storage
• Data Management
• Data Collection
•Remote Store Mgmt.
Data
Management
Administration
Integrated
Control
Planning &
Scheduling
• Workload Scheduling
• Performance Monitoring
• Performance Analysis
• Capacity Planning
Asset
Management
Problem
Management
• Software Licensing
• Distribution & Control
• Employee Profile
• Resource Accounting
• Charge back Services
• Inventory Control
• Fault Reporting
• Problem Escalation
• Resolution Assessment
• Help Desk Facilities
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ISP - Internet Service Provider
A company that provides access to the Internet
For a monthly fee you get internet access
ISPs are connected to one another
http://www.highspeedinternet.com/wa/seattle?z
ip=98119
◦ Speed http://speedtest.comcast.net/
◦ Net neutrality issue…
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VoIP - Voice over IP
◦ Using an Internet connection to pass voice data
(telephone calls) using the internet
◦ E.g., Skype, …
◦ http://www.voip-info.org/
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Wireless, mobile
Cloud Computing
GPS - Location based
IoT – Internet of Things
Everything connected?
Always connected?
Net neutrality
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… Information overload!?
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