Transcript CityGML - OGC Portal

Geoinformatic Applications:
where to next?
George Percivall
OGC Chief Architect
21 June 2010
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Geoinformatic applications – where to next?
• Mature geospatial standards have changed our world
– Web mapping, 3-D browsers, SDI, sensor webs, and LBS
• Key principles to this achievement include:
– Robust open source and proprietary implementations;
– Consistent geospatial concepts across implementations; and
– Open consensus standards
• Several applications are now ripe for rapid development
–
–
–
–
Systems-of-systems of geospatial services
Geosciences
Geospatial Business Intelligence.
Mobile Internet
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Mature geospatial standards
have changed our world
Geo-informatic applications – where to next?
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Standards-based Multi-source Fusion for
Actionable Situational Awareness
OGC Web Services Phase 4 Testbed (2006)
Web based
integration of
geospatial data from
multiple distributed
sources
Discovery, tasking,
access and
integration of sensor
feeds - fixed and
mobile sensors
Standards-based
Decision Support Services
available to support
Actionable Situational
Awareness
Fusion of Building
Information Models
and other engineered
information
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium
Decision Fusion Example:
Afghanistan Election Attack Scenario
Go beyond current Web Mapping Tools to associate trends and causes from multiple sources
A likely target for an attack
against the Pashtun during
the 2009 election would be
in Jalalabad, a largely
Pashtun area with strong
ties to Karzai, and a target
of recent IED. The largest
polling station in the area is
at Compano Mosq, with an
estimated 13,700 voters. An
attack here on Election day
could impact the outcome.
Source: FortiusOne
Helping the World to Communicate
Geographically
5
Consumer /
Producer
Berlin 3D Spatial Data Infrastructure
Internet / Berlin governmental network
Google
Earth
Browser
Services
KML
3D City
Model
Editor
CAD System
(IFC)
Geo-enabled
applications
Direct
access
CityGML intf.
X3D, VRML, etc
CityGML
CityGML
CityGML
WSS
CityGML
to KML
WCS
WFS / WFS-T
WPVS
W3DS
Java
client
Geodata
systems
SQL
Autodesk LandXPlorer
Presentation
System




SQL
3D geo database
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
3D city model (CityGML)
DTM (CityGML)
Orthophotos
Version and history
management
Helping the World to Communicate
Geographically
SensorML to Google Earth (KML)
AMSR-E
SSM/I
MAS
TMI
LIS
Helping the World to Communicate
Geographically
Sensor Web Enablement in OGC Testbeds
Standardization of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear
(CBRN) Sensors
From OGC Web Services Testbed Phases 6 and 7
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium
Helping the World to Communicate
Geographically
8
OWS-6 Aeronautical Information Management
Architecture
NNEW –
TAF –
WXXM –
WFS –
NextGEN Network Enabled Weather
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
Weather Info. Exchange Model
OGC Web Feature Service
Helping the World to Communicate
Geographically
Taiwan Debris Flow - OGC
System Framework
WMS,WFS-T
SOS
Sensor
Rain gauge Observation
System
GIS.FCU,Taiwan
GEOGrid, AIST,
Japan
Sensor
Any Observation System
GSMaP
Hourly image
GetObservation
GetObservation
JSON
GetFeatureInfo
JSON
[Pixel value
from start to end]
ADFC
WPS
Execute
[station,start,end,product]
• Validation process
• Least Square Fitting process
Client
JSON
R
rpy2
simplejson
Etc..
Helping the World to Communicate
Geographically
Open Standards Development
Driven By Community Requirements
Defense &
Intelligence
Research &
Education
Sustainable
Development
Energy
&
Utilities
Geosciences
Homeland Security /
Emergency Services
Consumer Services
/
Mass Market
Aviation
E -Government
Making Location Count…
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc..
OGC Snapshot
• An International Voluntary Consensus
Standards Organization, founded in
1994.
OGC Membership Distribution
By Region
3 2 2
• 398 members and growing
50
• 28 implementation standards
Europe
• Hundreds of product implementations in
the market
• Broad user community implementation
worldwide
N. America
180
Asia / Pacific
Middle East
Africa
161
S. America
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,
OGC Snapshot
• An International Voluntary Consensus
Standards Organization, founded in
1994.
OGC Membership Distribution
By Type
• 398 members and growing
9%
• 28 implementation standards
6%
• Hundreds of product implementations in
the market
• Broad user community implementation
worldwide
39%
Commercial
Government
Academic
Research
29%
Not For Profit
17%
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.,
Example Member Organizations
Making Location Count…
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc..
OGC Alliance Partnerships
A Critical Resource for Advancing Standards
… and others
www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/alliancepartners
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Approved OGC Implementation Standards
Freely available at www.opengeospatial.org
• Encodings
• Catalogue Services
– Catalogue Service
• Processing Services
–
–
–
–
Open Location Services (OpenLS)
Coordinate Transformation Service
Sensor Planning Service (SPS)
Web Processing Service (WPS)
• Portrayal Services
– Web Map Service
• Data Services
–
–
–
–
Grid Coverage Service
Simple Features (4)
Web Coverage Service
Web Feature Service
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Geography Markup Language (GML)
Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD)
Transducer Markup Language (TML)
Sensor Model Language (SensorML)
CityGML
Web Map Context (WMC)
Observations & Measurements (O&M)
Filter Encoding
KML
Symbology Encoding
GML in JPEG 2000
Geographic Objects
GeoXACML
• Web Services Common
• Open Location Services
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium
Market Availability
see http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/products
• Free availability of
standards
stimulates market
• Hundreds of
Products
Implementing
OGC Standards
• Compliance Test
& Certification
Program
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
OGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability
• Interoperability Program (IP) - a global,
innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing
program designed to accelerate interface
development and validation, and bring
interoperability to the market
Standards
Setting
Rapid Interface
Development
• Specification Development Program –
Consensus processes similar to other Industry
consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA,
OMG, etc).
• Outreach and Community Adoption Program –
education and training, encourage take up of OGC
specifications, business development,
communications programs
Market
Adoption
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Interoperability and Standards are Key
OGC Vision
To achieve the full societal, economic and scientific
benefits of integrating location resources into
commercial and institutional processes worldwide
Source: CSIRO, South Esk River Catchment
Hydrologic Sensor Web, Tasmania
Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Mapster
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Systems-of-systems for
geospatial applications
Geo-informatic applications – where to next?
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Global Earth Observing System of Systems
GEOSS Interoperability Arrangements
- From the GEOSS 10 Year Plan Reference Document -
• Interoperability through open interfaces
– Interoperability specifications agreed to among contributing
systems
– Access to data and information through service interfaces
• Open standards and intellectual property rights
– GEOSS adopting standards; agreed upon by consensus,
preference to formal international standards
– GEOSS will not require commercial or proprietary standards
– Multiple software implementations compliant with the open
standards should exist
– Goal is that at least one of the implementations should be
available to all implementers "royalty-free"
OGC role in GEOSS
• Architecture Implementation Pilot (AIP)
– Develop and pilot new process and infrastructure components for
the GEOSS architecture
• OGC leads the AIP Task in GEO using the OGC
Interoperability Program Policies and Procedures.
• GEOSS AIP-2 ER published as OGC ERs
– AIP-2 Use Cases Engineering Report, OGC Doc. 09-129
– End to End Discovery and Access ER, OGC Doc. 09-182r1
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
AIP-2 Flood Tasking and Product Generation
Aid levels for disaster relief funding
can be released within days,
in advance of on-site damage
assessment.
From portal select
desired theme(s) and
area of interest
Selected workflow automatically
activates needed assets and
models
Disaster Management
Information System (DMIS)
Mozambique
Workflows
Wizard
Wizard picks
appropriate
workflow for
desired result
Estimated rainfall
accumulation and flood
prediction model
Baseline water level, flood waters
and predicted flooding
Flood Model
GEOSS Interoperability Arrangements in
Disaster Management Response
• Earthquake in Chile
• ERDAS Apollo used in AIP-2
• Earthquake in Haiti
• Response to AIP-3 CFP
University of Heidelberg
GEOSS
Web-based Services:
The Old Way:
Find data
Pre-Science
Retrieve high
volume data
Learn formats
and develop readers
Extract parameters
Perform spatial
and other subsetting
Identify quality and other
flags and constraints
Perform filtering/masking
Develop analysis
and visualization
Accept/discard/get more data
(sat, model, ground-based)
DO
SCIENCE
Exploration
Initial Analysis
Use the best data for
the final analysis
Derive conclusions
Jan
Extract Parameter
Subset Spatially
Mar
Filter Quality
Reformat
Apr
Reproject
Minutes
Days for
exploration
Use the best data for
the final analysis
Derive conclusions
Write the paper
DO
SCIENCE
Submit the paper
Visualize
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Write the paper
Submit the paper
Find Data
Read Data
Feb
The Services Way:
Oct
Explore
Analyze
Services “Link-Rich”
Environment Provides:
discovery, access,
manipulation, visualization,
and analysis.
Scientists have more time to do science.
Decision makers rapid access to information
Courtesy:
Gregory
Leptoukh,
NASA GSFC
Graphic courtesy
of Greg
Leptoukh,
NASA
Climate Change Analysis
• This scenario is driven primarily by scientific research on the
distribution of pika and how it is changing.
• GEOSS infrastructure perspective: to investigate the
interoperability process to determine valuable predictors for the
impact of climate change on biodiversity
• Use observations of pika over the last 20 years, plus existing
modeling demonstration systems, to model pika distributions
and how they may change with climate
Area of Interest
The US Great Basin region (1x1 km)
Scientific patrons
Dr. Chris Ray (University of Colorado - CO USA)
Geosciences advancing through
open standards for
geoinformatics
Geo-informatic applications – where to next?
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Geosciences and Information Standards
• The Earth and Space Sciences are rapidly implementing
international open standards for interoperability.
• Earth and Space scientists have been involved in the
standardization process
• EGU, AGU, IEEE sessions on the latest advances in
implementing open standards for
–
–
–
–
discovery resources;
access to sensor data;
processing of the data
presentation of the information
Making Location Count…
OGC Geoscience Activities
• OGC Specification Program
–
–
–
–
–
Earth System Science WG
Meteorological and Oceans WG
Hydrology WG
Liaison with WMO
netCDF standards working group
• OGC Interoperability Experiments (IE)
– GALEON IE: open access to atmospheric and oceanographic
modeling and simulation outputs
– Ocean Science IE: use of OGC SOS for in-situ marine platforms
– Hydrology IEs for surface water and ground water
Making Location Count…
Earth Sciences Infrastructure
Domain SEMANTICS
ESS
Resources &
Applications
ESS Infrastructure
Geospatial Infrastructure
Computing Infrastructure
Geospatial
Resources
Capacity
Provision
“The Implementation of International Geospatial Standards for Earth and Space Sciences”, S. Nativi,
CNR-IMAA and Univ. of Florence at Prato, International Journal of Digital Earth, Taylor and Francis,
2010
To support Environmental
Policymaking




To shift from a “traditional” data centric approach to a more advanced
service-based solution for Earth System Science information
Advanced cyber-infrastructures can support the formation and operation
of distributed, multidisciplinary collaborative teams
To integrate multidisciplinary knowledge to understand the properties of
the Earth System and serve important Societal Benefit Areas
This is a real challenge for scientists as much as it is for information
technology
ESS Infrastructure
Geospatial Infrastructure
EGU 2009 Splinter Session SMP23
[email protected]
Geoinformatics for
Business Intelligence
Geo-informatic applications – where to next?
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Beyond Traditional GIS/Imagery and Mass Markets:
Location Information for Business
Figure published in Imaging Notes, Fall 2008 - http://www.imagingnotes.com/go/
Making Location Count…
© 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
34
Business intelligence (BI)
• BI is technologies, applications and practices for the
collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of
business information
• BI tools:
– Dashboards, reporting, On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP), data
mining
– OLAP often used to provide access, in an efficient and intuitive
manner, to a data warehouse or datamarts.
– Multiple commercial products
• Geospatial BI demonstrated; need for open standards
Making Location Count…
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
35
Geo-BI and Open Standards
• Until recently, GeoBI implementations required substantial
financial and time investments.
• Geospatial information had to be maintained by a highlyspecialized geographical information system department
and was segregated from the company's core information.
• By moving spatial data from proprietary vendor databases
to your own databases, we’re able to store your geospatial
information according to open GIS standards.
http://www.johnstonmclamb.com/pdf/JM_Data_GBI_VBI.pdf
Making Location Count…
© 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
36
Components of a GeoBI infrastructure ?
Reporting tools
Data
extraction
Data loading
ETL systems
Spatial ETL
Data Warehouse
OLAP
Spatial DBMS
Data sources
(OLTP systems)
Data
mining
GIS file formats,
Web Feature Services,
Spatial DBMS
Spatial business intelligence
Graphic from Dr. Thierry Badard, Laval University
http://www.osbootcamp.org/index.php?page=osbc6
SOLAP,
Spatial data mining,
Map-driven
dashboards, …
Making Location Count…
Geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI)
• Business Intelligence: mature technology and practices for
capture, integration, analysis, and presentation
– Expanding to geospatial information
• GeoBI and OGC
– OGC has developed standards and best practices for
“professional GIS users” and “mass-market users”
– Between those extremes are professionals that implicitly use or
could use geospatial information for business tasks
• OGC already supports GeoBI, but more to be done
– How can OGC standards integrate geospatial dimensions into a
business intelligence decision support environment?
Making Location Count…
© 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
38
Mobile Internet: second
generation of location-based
services.
Geo-informatic applications – where to next?
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Mobile Internet: LBS after the garden wall falls
• Mobile communications moving beyond walled gardens
– Apple iPhone contributed to the beginnings of change
– Android/Google triggering fast changes
– WiMax and 4G cellular to provide ubiquitous IP networking
• Anticipate marketplace as open as Internet; enabled by
interoperability standards – Internet Protocol (IP)
– Mobile web will be the dominant means of reaching the internet
– Next Gen 911 driving requirements: IETF, NENA
– Location-based services most popular Android applications
• What are the implications of "Mobile First" for the
geospatial industry? - Matt Ball, Vector1 Media
Making Location Count…
© 2008 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
40
Mobile Internet
• Location Based services
– Application software on mobile devices that utilizes location
– Location Identification Services (LIS) underlie all location capabilities
– Encodings of location relevant to Mobile Internet
• Broad set of topics
–
–
–
–
–
–
Indoor Navigation and building models
Mobile Sensing: Participatory Sensing, People-centric sensing
Internet of Things: RFID, Mobile Tagging
New applications: Advertising, Augmented Reality
Mass Market ideas: POIs, geocode everything
OpenLS 1.0: Geocoder, Reverse Geocoder, Routing
• Connection to OGC market modeling activity
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Transition of standards in marketplace
No
standard
Proprietary
Standard
Open
Consensus
Standard
How much investment should be made in consensus standards?
Making Location Count…
Slide 42
Decision Tree elements for
Standards Development
Decide to
develop
open
standard
Yes
Open
standard
approved by
consensus
Po
Company
pursues
proprietary
standard
Pp
Standard
adopted in
market
-Open
-Proprietary
-None
Value of
outcome to
stakeholders
Pao
Pap
No
Decision
Node
1 - Po
Chance
Node
1 - Pp
Chance
Node
Pan
Chance
Node
Value
Node
Making Location Count…
Decision Tree
Open standard
approved by
consensus
Open Standard
adopted
Proprietary not
developed
Proprietary
developed
No Standard
adopted
Open Standard
adopted
No Standard
adopted
Proprietary Standard
adopted
Yes
Decide to
develop open
standard?
No
Open standard
not approved by
consensus
Proprietary not
developed
Proprietary
developed
No Standard
adopted
No Standard
adopted
Proprietary Standard
adopted
Proprietary not
developed
Proprietary
developed
No Standard
adopted
No Standard
adopted
Proprietary Standard
adopted
O
N
O
N
P
N
N
P
N
N
P
Making Location Count…
Value of Outcomes to Stakeholders
Outcomes
“N”
No standard
adopted
“P”
Proprietary
standard adopted
“O”
Open standard
adopted
Open standard
implementer
0
1
2
Proprietary
standard owner
0
4
1
System owners
0
2
4
Society
0
1
4
Stakeholders
Cost of developing standard = 1
These values are placeholders as examples
Making Location Count…
Slide 45
Likelihood of success in investing in
open standards development
Likelihood
100%
Chance of success as
open standard succeeds
after investing
Decision to develop open
standard:
- No = Red/Dashed
- Yes = Green/Solid
Chance of loss as open
standard does not succeed
after investing
0%
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Expected
value
Making Location Count…
Slide 46
Geoinformatic applications – where to next?
• Geospatial informatics maturity bringing spatial data to ever
more applications.
– Web mapping, 3-D browsers, SDI, sensor webs, and LBS
• Key principles to this achievement include:
– Robust open source and proprietary implementations;
– Consistent geospatial concepts across implementations; and
– Open consensus standards
• Several applications are now ripe for rapid development
–
–
–
–
Systems-of-systems of geospatial services
Geosciences
Geospatial Business Intelligence.
Mobile Internet
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
For Details on OGC Standards…
• OGC Standards
– Freely available
– www.opengeospatial.org/standards
• OGC Reference Model (ORM)
– Overview of OGC Standards Baseline
– Resource for defining architectures for specific
applications
– www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm
George Percivall, gpercivall at opengeospatial.org
Making Location Count…
Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.