Transcript Heroin Addiction PowerPoint

Addiction
Heroin
Specification – Page 48
1. b) Define and use psychological terminology
appropriately and accurately including the terms:
i substance misuse
ii tolerance
iii physical dependence
iv psychological dependence
v withdrawal
Specification – Page 49
3. c) Describe, with reference to heroin and one
other drug from alcohol, cocaine, ecstasy, marijuana,
smoking/nicotine:
i mode of action (e.g. at the synapse)
ii effects
iii tolerance
iv physical and/or psychological dependencies
v withdrawal
What is Addiction?
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Doctors call a drug addictive if it makes you
dependent on the drug.
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms appear unless
you take the drug.
Addictive drugs also make you crave them - you
have an overwhelming urge to continue taking the
drug, even after withdrawal symptoms have
disappeared.
Tolerance
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More of the drug is needed to obtain the
feelings that were produced at first.
A stage may be reached where no amount of
the drug will achieve the resulting high.
Simply take the drug to delay withdrawal
symptoms.
Withdrawal
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Unpleasant symptoms occur when the drug is not
taken, such as sickness and depression.
Can get rid of the withdrawal symptoms by taking
the drug again.
This leads to a cycle of drug taking where users
may try to stop but then have to take it again to
avoid withdrawal symptoms.
What is the difference
between
biological/physiological
addiction and
psychological addiction?
Biological Addiction
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The body becomes dependant on the drug.
Without it, severe withdrawal symptoms
occur such as pain or sickness.
Body becomes used to the drug and causes a
physical reaction if the don’t receive it.
Body develops a tolerance to the drug –
require more of it to have an effect.
Psychological Addiction
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Conscious desire to obtain drug out of a
perceived need for its affect.
User might say it makes them “feel good”
or “calm down”.
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May use drug to escape from real-life.
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Think it is the only way they can cope.
Matching Task
You need to know the
definitions of these key terms
Addiction
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What is the difference between
drug abuse and drug addiction?
When does drug abuse become
addiction?
Addiction
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Drug abuse is initially a voluntary
behaviour
Continuum of drug abuse and drug
addiction
Can reach addiction at different points
depending on the individual
No use
Drug Abuse
Drug Addiction
Abuse is voluntary; addiction is
the continued compulsive drug
use despite adverse health or
social consequences.
Heroin
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Tolerance
Physical and/or psychological
dependencies
Withdrawal
Heroin
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Tolerance
Reward circuit becomes highly activated
Over-production of dopamine
The body has to adapt to the heroin – try and
achieve homeostasis (balance)
Reduces the amount of dopamine produced
More enzymes are produced to break it down
Stifles the brain's reward circuit through inhibitionthe same-old dose of drug is less rewarding
Heroin
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Tolerance
Heroin rapidly develops tolerance
Users very quickly need increasing amounts
of it to get the “high”
Eventually just take heroin to delay
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
Heroin
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Physical Dependence
Linked to tolerance – need increasing
amounts to reach high so become physically
dependent.
Body is used to functioning with heroin – so
needs it for normal functioning.
E.g. Brain of heroin users produce less
endorphins so addicts will rely on heroin for
pleasure and reduction of pain.
Heroin
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Psychological Dependence
Heroin becomes a great importance in their
life.
Important for person’s mental state.
Often taken by people with living difficulties,
no self-esteem and employment problems
Heroin gives users a feeling of pleasure and
dulls the senses – don’t despair as much.
Heroin
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Withdrawal
Usually start within 12 hours of last
fix.
Severity of withdrawal is dependent
on the level of addiction
Starts with agitation and restlessness
Heroin
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Withdrawal
After a day, become more agitated and
restless
Then “skin crawl” – itchy blood
Cramps and vomiting
Diarrhoea and sweating
Twitching and shaking
Muscle ache and pain
Heroin
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Withdrawal
Usually go after about a week.
Sudden withdrawal after
sustained use can cause death.
Diary of Heroin Addiction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7thZbHTvZIQ
Task
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In your case studies, try to pick out
signs for tolerance, withdrawal and
physical and psychological dependency
Task
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Have a go at the past paper
questions on heroin addiction
Some startling statistics…
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Heroin overdoses have caused more
deaths than traffic accidents in the past
several years
The use of Heroin has quadrupled in
the last 15 years
1.2 million people in the UK use Heroin
300,000 children live with parents who
have serious heroin addiction