Transcript Slide 1
WHS AP Psychology Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Essential Task 4-11: Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal. Gestalt Principles Perceptual Constancies Basic Principles Visual Illusions Depth Perception Perception Sensation Vision Theories The Eye Pain Other Senses Taste Hearing The Ear Smell Theories Stages/REM Meditation Circadian Rhythm Sleep Drug-Altered Consciousnes s Stimulants We are here Waking Consciousness Substance Abuse Depressants Hallucinogens Actor Hypnosis Dreams Altered States of Consciousness Daydreaming and Fantasy Hidden Observer Disorders Essential Task 4-11: Outline • • • • Dependence Addiction Tolerance Withdrawal Substance Use and Abuse • Substance Use – Using a substance but it does not yet interfere with a person’s life • Substance Abuse – Pattern of drug use that diminishes one’s ability to fulfill responsibilities – May result in repeated use in dangerous situations – May lead to legal difficulties related to drug use Substance Use and Abuse • Dependence – Compulsive use of a substance – Also known as addiction – Can be physical, psychological or both • Withdrawal – After addiction, physical discomfort when the substance is stopped • Tolerance – More substance is required to obtain the original effect Dependence (4 of the following 7 symptoms) • Developing a tolerance • Experiencing withdrawal • Using substance for a longer period or in greater quantities than intended • Presence of a desire or repeated attempts to cut back on use • Spending a lot of time using/obtaining the substance • Reduction or cessation of usual activities • Continued use despite awareness of drug’s harmful effects Dependence • Psychological addiction is a psychological need to use a drug, particularly for relieving mental stress and negative emotions. • Physical addiction is the need for a drug to alleviate physical pain. When the drug is discontinued, there are several withdrawal symptoms.