Use Abuse & Addiction
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Transcript Use Abuse & Addiction
Use
Abuse
&
Addiction
Presented by Tonya Slager
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Definitions
Assessment tools
Stages
MN Model
Brain/Body
Use
Debatable for drug use
Social drinking 1-2 x wkly
1 drink per hour
Below .08
Abuse Criteria
at least 1 in the past 12 months
Recurrent use despite failure in major obligations
i.e. work/school
Recurrent use in which it’s physically hazardous
Continued use despite legal problems
Cont. use despite persistent/recurrent social or
interpersonal problems due to use
Social/family networks suffer
Arguments due to use
Criteria for Dependence
3+ in the past 12 months
Tolerance
A need for markedly increased amounts to achieve
intoxication or desired effect
Marked diminished effect with cont. use of the same amt.
Withdrawal
Characteristic withdrawal syndrome for substance
Used to relieve or avoid withdrawal
Substance taken in larger amounts or over longer
period than was intended
Criteria …
Unsuccessful effort to cut down – loss of control
Consumes a great deal of time – obtaining, using,
recovering
Loss of interest in non-using activities – give up or
reduced
Cont. use despite knowledge of having persistent or
recurrent physical/psychological problems due to
use
Dependence
With physiological dependence
Evidence of tolerance or withdrawal
Without physiological dependence
No evidence of tolerance or withdrawal
CAGE
Have you ever felt you should Cut down?
Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your use?
Have you felt bad or Guilty about your use?
Have you ever had a drink in the morning to steady
your nerves or get rid of a hangover? (Eye-opener)
1 pt per ?
Clinical significance 2 +
Behavioral Characteristics
Addiction
Preoccupation
Increased Tolerance
Blackouts
Loss of control
Used to medicate
Rapid intake
Solitary use- hiding or use alone
Protecting your supply
Classifying Alcoholism
Alpha- relieve stress
Psychological dependence
Have the ability to control use
No progression
Beta- serious problems to the body
Physical deterioration
No withdrawal symptoms
Gamma
Withdrawal symptoms
Loss of control
Noticeable behavior changes
Primarily recognized in AA
Categories …
Delta
Daily use
Tolerance increase
Inability to sustain at all
Functioning alcoholic
Epsilon
Least known
Binges
Periodic
McAuliffe Stages
Stages
Initial
Chronic
Acute
Terminal
Motivation
Pleasure
Transition
Abuse
(abuse AND live)
Relief
Abuse
(live to abuse)
Maintenance
Abuse
(abuse to live)
Escape to oblivion Abuse
(abuse to die)
Schedule Drugs
I.
II.
Heroin, marijuana, MDMA (ectasy)
Opium, morphine, codeine, cocaine,
amphetamine, meth
III. Codeine, morphine, barbiturates,
IV. Barbiturates (downers/sleep aids),
benzodiazepines (Valium/Xanax), anabolic
steroids
V. Codeine - Rx
Minnesota Model
1873 NY State Inebriate Asylum
Willmar State Hosp.
Typical 28 day inpatient program
AA/12 steps
Group therapy
Aftercare
3 Key Components of the MN
Model
Addiction can be identified and described
Involuntary disablement
Responsive to tx
Multiple phases
Prodromal phase
Crucial/Basic phase
Chronic
Death or rehabilitation
Physical Damage
Liver
Sleep cycle (REM)
Blood pressure increases
Alcohol poisoning
Wernicks Syndrome- form of brain damage due to
years of heavy drinking
Malnutrition
Low resistance to disease
Amphetamine Psychosis- paranoid delusions,
compulsive behavior, hallucinations
Etc.
Facts About Drugs and the Brain
Nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, barbiturates, and
caffeine cross the blood-brain barrier easily
Heroine crosses faster and more completely
than morphine
Vomiting center in the medulla is sensitive to
the presence of poison - induces vomiting
otherwise the medulla’s respiratory controls
would be inhibited resulting in death
(asphyxiation)
Facts …
Dizziness/lack of coordination- drugs
depressant effect on the cerebellum
Pons- part of the brain that allows us to be
alert enough to survive
Just above the medulla
Part of the hindbrain structure
Drugs that affect sleep pattern influence the sleep
centers in the pons
Tolerance
Metabolic (dispositional) tolerance
A drug may facilitate over repeated administrations the
processes that produce the drug’s biotransformation in
the liver
Liver breaks down the drug faster after repeated use >
smaller amt is left available to be absorbed into the blood
stream
Cellular (pharmacodynamic) tolerance
Changes occur in the synapses of neurons themselves
Repeated stimulation over time results in desensitization
Questions?