Transcript ILLEGAL DRUGS: Their types and Effects - OldForensics 2012-2013

What are the types of illegal drugs?
o It acts primarily on the nerve cells within the
brain. It interferes with communication
between nerve cells and all other cells,
suppressing the activities of excitatory nerve
pathways and increasing the activities of
inhibitory nerve pathways.
What are the types of illegal drugs?
Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and
relieve pain
o Opium– derived from the juice of unripe asian
poppy pods
Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and
relieve pain
o Heroin- most commonly used opium-based
drug
o High solubility in water
Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and
relieve pain
o Morphine
Narcotics – substances that induce
sleep and relieve pain
• Codeine – analgesic and cough suppressant
• prepared synthetically from morphine
Narcotics
• Synthetic Opiates
▫ not naturally derived from opium
▫ have similar physiological effects on the body
• Methadone
▫ if a person takes periodic doses, they will not get
high from heroin or morphine
• OxyContin
▫ oxycodone is closely related to morphine and
heroin
▫ 25 million people abuse this drug
What are the possible effects of
Narcotics?
• Euphoria
• Shallow breathing, watery eyes, yawning,
cramps
• Loss of appetite, nausea, tremors, panic, chills
and sweating
Hallucinogens
o cause marked alterations in normal thought
processes, perceptions and moods
o substances that cause hallucinations, illusions
and distorted images
Hallucinogens –
o Marijuana – most widely used illicit drug in the
U.S.
o derived from the plant Cannabis
o hashish- sticky resin from seeds
Hallucinogens
oAngel dust – also known as PCP
oPhencyclidine
oeasy to make in cladestine labs
o often mixed with LSD or amphetamines
osmoked, ingested, or sniffed
ofeelings of strength and invulerability,
dreamy sense of detachement,
depression, irritability, isolation,
paranoia
Hallucinogens
oLSD (lysergic acid diethylamide – also known as
Psychedelics
omade from egrot
o type of fungus that attacks certain grassses and
grains
ovivid hallucinations, marked changes in moods,
anxiety and tension
oprone to flashbacks and psychotic reations
What are the possible effects of
Hallucinogens?
• rapidly changing feelings
• chronic use may cause persistent problems,
depression, violent behaviour, anxiety and
distorted perception of time
• large doses may cause convulsions, coma, heart
and ruptured blood vessels in the brain
Depressants
o substances that slow down, or depress, the
central nervous
o used to relieve anxiety, irritability, and
tension
Depressants
oAlcohol - is a clear drink that is made from
corn, barley, grain, rye, or a beverage containing
ethyl alcohol
omost widely used drug in the U.S.
obehavioral patterns of alcohol intoxication vary
and depend
o socal setting
o amount consumed
osupresses the brain’s control
processes and muscle control
of
thought
Depressants
o Barbiturates – used to overcome insomnia
and treat epilepsy
o derivative of barbituric acid
o “downers”
Depressants
o Antipsychotics and Antianxiety Drugs
o generally prodice a relaxing tranquility without
impairing high-thinking faculties or inducing
sleep
o Valium and chlopormazine
What are the possible effects of
Depressants?
• Small amounts cause calmness and relaxed
muscles
• Larger amounts cause slurred speech, impaired
judgment, loss of motor coordination
• Very large doses may cause
depression, coma and death
respiratory
Stimulants
o substances
that
stimulate or speed up
the central nervous
system
o drugs
used
to
increase
alertness,
relieve fatigue, feel
stronger and more
decisive; used for
euphoric effects
Stimulants
oAmphetamines
o group of synthetic stimulants that share a smiliar
chemical structure (“uppers” or “speed”)
o feeling of well-being, incerased alertness, decrese
in fatigue, and loss of apetite
o restlessness, instability, apprehension,and
depression when it wears off
Stimulants
oCocaine – white powder from coca trees.
o Sigmund Freud-experiments
o originally used as a local painkiller or anesthetic
o similar effects as amphetamines
oCracko concaine mixed with baking soda and water
coca
Stimulants
oCaffeine – found in
tea, coffee, cola drinks
and chocolate
tea
What are the possible effects of
stimulants?
•
•
•
•
increased heart and respiratory rates
elevated blood pressure
dilated pupils and decreased appetite
high doses may cause rapid or irregular
heartbeat
• loss of coordination
• a feeling of restlessness, anxiety and delusions
DESIGNER DRUGS/ Club Drugs
• Are synthetic drugs that produce effects similar to
existing illegal drugs.
• Manufactured in chemical laboratories and homes
and sold illegally.
• Include Ecstasy, GHB, Roofies, ketamine,
methamphetamine
STEROIDS
• Anabolic Steroids are artificial testosterone
hormones that produce muscle growth and male
characteristics
• Two Forms: Injectable and Pills
• EFFECTS:
Mood Swings “roid rage”, acne, liver tumors,
elevated cholesterol levels, hypertension, kidney
disease, immune system disturbances.
A or B.
1. Which is the likely effect of uppers or
stimulants?
A. Promotes relaxation and sleep
B. Increases alertness and mental activity
B
A or B.
2. Which substance is classified as depressant?
A. Alcohol or liquor
B. Cocaine
A
A or B.
3. Which substance is not classified as inhalant?
A. Rugby
B. Marijuana
B
A or B.
4. A person abusing this type of drug may have a
disoriented direction, distance and time. The
drug user may speak of “hearing” colors and
“seeing” sounds. Which type of drugs is being
described?
A. Depressants
B. Hallucinogens
B
A or B.
5. Which of the following explains why drugs are
being abused?
A. To engage in wholesome and productive
activities.
B. To ease depression, boredom, misery and pain
B
A or B.
6. The young athlete is talking to the press. He
has just signed a contract with Boston Celtics.
Every one agrees that his future looks bright.
There is a party after the signing. People
surround him. One “friend” gives him some
morphine tablets. The athlete thinks, “just
once can’t hurt.” But it can: he dies from an
accidental morphine overdose.
A or B.
6. Which sign indicates that the athlete abused
the drug morphine?
A. He lost interest in his career.
B. He became careless and lost self-control.
B
A or B.
7. Morphine is an example of what type of drug?
A. Stimulants
B. Narcotics
B
A or B.
8. Mary knew that Marvin was a recovering
addict. Marvin was glad that she had called.
He said, “That’s one of the things that helped
me when I decided to quit using.”
This conversation indicates that drug abuse
can be treated through _________.
A. Seeking help if problems cannot be dealt
anymore.
B. Developing strong moral foundations in life.
A
A or B.
9. Marvin’s case is just a part of a global concern
against drug abuse. Which of the following is
the best way to heighten awareness and
campaign against drug abuse?
A. Institution of heavy penalties against drug
pushers only.
B. Sincere action on the part of the government,
school and the community as a whole.
B