Transcript FINALFieldwork

Promoting Rational Drug Use
in the Community
Fieldwork
Fieldwork objectives
At the end of the session participants will:
 Be able to define the research methods
 Be able to develop research tools
 Have experience with key methods to study
drug use practices and ideas, e.g. semistructured interviews, drug inventories in
pharmacies and community drug stores, and
simulated client visits
 Have gained insight into strengths and
weaknesses of various methods
 Have an understanding of the way in which
qualitative research can be used to re-focus
and refine a problem analysis diagram.
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Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community
WHO
Group activities
Today:
1. Prepare appraisal matrix and revise/make tools
2. Pretest tools and prepare plan for field work
Tomorrow:
3. Conduct fieldwork
4. Feedback in plenary on refinements in problem
analysis and strengths/weaknesses of methods
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How to conduct semi-structured
interviews
1.Greet your informant in a culturally
appropriate way.
2.Consider where you are sitting, and
where the translator sits.
3.Jokes and friendly gestures can help
break the ice.
4.Explain the purpose of the
interview/informed consent.
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How to conduct semi-structured
interviews 2
5.Start with a topic that is not sensitive
and is important to the respondent
6.Use open-ended questions
7.Avoid asking leading questions
8.Follow the flow of the discussion
9.Ask “probing” questions
10.Listen actively: do not only look at your
interview guide
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How to conduct semi-structured
interviews 3
11.Pick up phrases that the informant uses
and use for your questions. Instruct your
translator to do this too.
12.Avoid passing opinions or judgements.
Treat your informant as an equal.
13.Respond to issues raised by your
informants.
14.Thank the informant at the end and
give time for questions.
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How to conduct simulated client visits
 Make a realistic ‘script’
 Think of details -- you need money to
pay for the drugs -- do you have a
limited budget -- what do you do if the
treatment is too expensive for your
budget
 Make sure the ‘client’ looks like a real
client. What will the client wear?
 Don’t step out of your role
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Strengths of semi-structured
interviews
 Depth of information
 Respondent can influence the topic so
unexpected issues/topics emerge
 Researcher can probe to understand
perspectives and experiences
 Topic guide ensures that a core list of
questions is asked in each interview
 Because order of questions not fixed,
flow and share of views more natural.
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Weaknesses of semi-structured
interviews
 Trained interviewers needed to probe
without being directive or judgemental
 Difficult to analyse findings -- must be
done by people who did the interviews
 Researcher has to avoid bias in analysis
 Analysis is time-consuming
 Difficult to generalise findings
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Strengths of simulated client visits
 If done well: give information on what
drug sellers really do
 Representative sample of pharmacies can
be interviewed
 Results can be generalised
 Results can be quantified
 Can be used to evaluate effects of
training of pharmacy sellers
 Can be used as participatory method
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Weaknesses of simulated client visits
 Difficult to do a lifelike simulation
 Disturbances occur
 Difficult to probe on why advice is given
 Depth of information collected is limited
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