Transcript pregnancy handouts

Pregnancy
and
Childbirth
All images are from Google Images
Preconception Health
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Annual Gynecologist Visits
Nutrition/Exercise
STI Prevention/Treatment
Drug/Alcohol Abuse/Use
Folic Acid
Implantation
• Sperm reach egg within ------• Fertilization usually occurs within 24 hours after
ovulation
• 24-30 hours after fertilization genetic material is
joined, forming a zygote
• 36 hours – 2 cells
• 48 hours – 4 cells
• 4 days – blastocyst
• 7-8 days after fertilization, the blastocyst can
attach to the endometrium
• Fetus at 8 weeks
Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy
• Amenorrhea
• Change in Breast Tissue
– Size, tenderness, areola may darken
• Increased Frequency of Urination
• Morning Sickness
• Fatigue
• Growing Waistline
• Moodiness
• Quickening
• Braxton-Hicks Contractions
• Acid Reflux
• Appetite/cravings
Doctor’s Observations
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Change in Reproductive Organs
Fetal Heart Beat
Fetal Movements
Fetal Outline
Gender Determination
Laboratory Tests
• Urine or Blood Testing
• Home Pregnancy Tests
Doctor will
confirm
• Both test for Human Chorionic
Gonadatropin (HCG) hormone which is
present about 8 days after conception
occurs
• When is the baby due?
Prenatal Care
• A woman should see her doctor after the second
missed period
– Medical History
– Blood and Urine test
• Nutrition – Vitamins and minerals to help developing
baby
• STOP using any hormonal contraceptive methods
• Avoid alcohol - FAS
• Avoid cigarettes
• Avoid drugs
Common Disorders
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Nausea and vomiting
Leg Cramps
Pressure
Varicose Veins
Numbness and
Tingling
• Flatulence
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Edema
Palpitations
Fainting
Drug and Food
Sensitivity
• Stretch Marks
• Hemorrhoids
Danger Signals During Pregnancy
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Vaginal bleeding
Swelling of face and fingers
Manifestations of toxemia
Labor contractions
Amniotic Sac breaking
Chills and fever
Lower fetal kick count
Complications
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Miscarriage
Premature Birth
Ectopic Pregnancy
Placenta Previa
Premature Placenta Separation
Amniotic Sac
• Also known as “bag of waters”
• At delivery the sac contains 1-2 quarts of
fluid
– Helps regulate baby’s temperature
– Cushions fetus from possible injury
– Provides a medium in which the fetus can
move
– At 21 weeks fetal respiration occurs
– The fluid is sampled for Amniocentesis
Placenta
• Organ that transports nutrition and oxygen
from mother to fetus and transports waste
products from fetus to mother
– Nutrition
– Respiration
– Excretion
– Barrier
– Produces Hormones
Umbilical Cord
• Connects the Fetus and Placenta
connected through, developing at 25 days
• Long semitransparent “rope” containing
one vein and two arteries
• Surrounded by jelly-like substance to
protect it
• Large number of substances can pass
through and enter the fetus’ circulation
1st Trimester
• Weeks 1-12
• Zygote – united sperm and ovum
• Blastocyte – multi-celled at 4 days, implanted
within 8 days
• Embryo – 4 weeks
• At the end of 2nd month-1.2 inches long, the
head represents half of the embryo’s bulk and
facial features (eyes, ears, nose, lips, tongue)
are present
• The third month – It is now a fetus, is about 3
inches, and has nails and genitals can be seen.
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2
Trimester
• Beginning of the 4th month
• Fourth month is the time for the greatest
amount of fetal growth
• Quickening begins
• End of the 5th month – 1 lb
– Head hair and subcutaneous fat
• The fetus sleeps, wakes, and has
preferred body positions
• In the 6th month the body is covered with
fine hair, the eyes become light sensitive,
and it can hear uterine sounds.
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3
Trimester
• The baby begins to position itself for birth
• The fetus is much more baby like
• By the end of the 7th month the baby can survive
outside the womb
• At the end of the 8th month the fetus is over 5
lbs, skin redness, and wrinkles lessen.
• The nails reach the end of fingers and toes.
• Between week 38-40 the head is 60% its full
size and the fine hair has almost disappeared
being replaced by vernix
Different Types of Birth
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Forceps
Caesarean
Breech
Multiple Births
Induced Labor
Labor
• Begins due to hormonal changes
• Early signs
– Lightening
– Loss or leveling of weight
– Spurt of energy
• Actual signs
– Amniotic sac ruptures
– The appearance of “show”
– Rhythmic contractions of uterus
Stage One
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Dilation of Cervix
– Effacement of cervix occurs due to the uterine contractions
– Starts with
the first
contractions
– Ends when the
cervix is 10 cm
Stage 2
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Actual Delivery of baby
– Crowning
– Episiotomy
Stage 3
Delivery of afterbirth
Apgar Test
• 1 and 5 minutes after birth
• The baby is tested on the following and
given a score. 10 is the highest, 7 is
determined to be healthy
– Heart rate
– Respiration
– Muscle tone
– Reflex irritability
– Color