Transcript Stress-Triggered Depression Following Job Loss

Stress-Triggered Depression Following Job
Loss: Individuals, Couples, and Families
George W. Howe
Department of Psychology
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences
George Washington University
202-994-8023
[email protected]
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Acknowledgments: funding support
• National Institute of Mental Health
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R01 MH47292
R10 MH52817
R10 MH52913
R01 MH59855
R01 MH59863
2-P30-MH38330-17
2-R01-MH40859-15S1
• National Institute of Drug Addiction
• R01-MH40859
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Field study design
Couples Unemployment Project
(National Institute of Mental Health: R01 MH47292)
• Screening in unemployment offices to identify job seekers in
relationships.
• In-home interviews of both members of couple within 7 weeks of
job loss, including videorecorded discussion between job seeker
and partner.
• Repeated in-home interviews at 5 months (range 4 to 7 months)
and 11 months (range 10.5 to 15 months) after job loss.
• 508 individuals (254 couples) at T1
• Attrition: 10% at T2, 16% at T3.
• T1 sample characteristics:
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Job seekers: 61% male, 44% African American
78% married, 22% living together at least 6 months
36% at least some high school, 49% at least some college, 15% graduate school
75% in range of skilled craftsmen, clerical sales, minor professional.
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Depressive Symptoms
in the Year after Job Loss
Depressive Symptoms
Female Job
Seeker
18
Female
Partner
14
Male Job
Seeker
Male
Partner
10
0
3
6
9
12
Months Since Job Loss
Source: Howe, Levy, & Caplan, 2000
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Effects of relationship disruption for
Job Seekers
Male Job Seeker
Female Job Seeker
Relationship
Disruption
.20*
.33*
Stressful
Life Events
Howe, Levy, & Caplan, 2004
.14
.26*
.35*
.26*
Job Seeker
Depressive Symptoms
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Effects of relationship disruption for
Partners
Male Partner
Female Partner
Relationship
Disruption
.33*
.21*
Stressful
Life Events
Howe, Levy, & Caplan, 2004
.25
.40*
.39*
.18
Partner
Depressive Symptoms
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Personal Vulnerability
Genetic
Diatheses
•5-HTTLPR
Phenotypic
Diatheses
•History of
Depression
•Neuroticism
•Attribution Style
•Attachment Style
Recruitment Effects
Sensitization Effects
Stressors
Depression
•Occupational
•Economic
•Interpersonal
•Onset
•Maintenance
•Resolution
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