Transcript Goal 2
Civics & Economics Top 100 What every student should know to pass the Civics & Economics EOC Goal 2 Goal 2: The learner will analyze how the government established by the United States Constitution embodies the purposes, values, and principles of American democracy. Principles of the Constitution • • • • • • Popular sovereignty Federalism Separation of Powers Checks & Balances Limited Government Flexibility 3 Branches of Government • Legislative – makes laws • Executive – executes or enforces laws • Judicial – interprets laws Bill of Rights, 1791 • The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee basic individual rights. Suffrage Amendments • 15th gave African Americans the right to vote. • 19th gave women the right to vote. • 23rd gave residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote in presidential elections. • 24th abolished poll taxes. • 26th gave citizens 18 years and older the right to vote. Civil War Amendments • 13th abolished slavery. • 14th defined citizenship and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection under the law.” • 15th gave African Americans the right to vote. Impeachment • A majority of the members of the House of Representatives accuse the President or other high government officials of serious wrongdoing. Judicial Review • The Supreme Court’s power to overturn any law that it decides is in conflict with the Constitution. • Judicial Review was established by the decision in Marbury v. Madison. Landmark Supreme Court Cases • Marbury v. Madison – judicial review • Plessy v. Ferguson – “separate but equal” • Brown v. Board of Education – “separate is not equal” • Gideon v. Wainwright – court-appointed attorney • Miranda v. Arizona – rights of the accused States’ Rights • The states' rights concept is usually used to defend a state law that the federal government seeks to override, or to oppose a perceived violation by the federal government of the bounds of federal authority. Government Revenue • Money the government collects, such as taxes, fines, bonds, or user fees. Contemporary Issues • Strict versus loose construction of the Constitution • States’ rights • Electoral College and process • Civil and personal liberties Government Agencies • • • • • • • Conservation of natural resources Immigration and naturalization Crime control and drug prevention Information gathering and policy formation Health and human services National security Transportation