Transcript Sleep Aids

Sleep
Kieri Gibson
Definition of Sleep
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A natural and periodic state of rest during
which ________________ of the world is
suspended
Importance of Sleep
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Faster and more complete recovery from
illness and injury
Minimizes the effects of stress
Increases ability to ________________
Cont.
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Enhances ability to handle minor irritations
Improves _____________
Enhances ability to perform tasks logically
Improves personal relationship
Increases hand-eye coordination
How much sleep is enough?
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Infants
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Teenagers & Young Adults
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16-18 hrs/day
__ hrs/day
Adults
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7-8 hrs/day
Stages of Sleep
A. Walking stage
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Body prepares for sleep
Relaxed wakefulness
Body begins to slow down
Muscles relax
________________ slows to a roll
Cont.
A. Non Rapid Eye Movement Stages
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Stage 1 (sleep or drowsiness) (Non-REM)
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50% reduction in activity between wakefulness and
Stage 1 sleep
Person may feel he or she has not slept if aroused
from this stage
Lasts for _____________ minutes
Cont.
B. Stage 2 (light sleep)
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Spontaneous periods of muscle tone mixed with
muscle relaxation
Heart rate slows
Body temperature ________________
Preparation to enter deep sleep
C. Stages 3 and 4 (Deep Sleep)
Cont.
D. Rapid Eye Movement (deep sleep)
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Intense dreaming
Heightened cerebral activity
Paralysis in major voluntary muscles
Changes in physiological states
A Good Nights Sleep
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________________
Exercise
Avoid Caffeine, Nicotine and Alcohol
Relax before bed
Control room temperature
Don’t lie in bed awake
Sleep Disorders
Autumn Meadows
Insomnia
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A.
Difficulty falling and/or staying asleep
2 types
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Primary insomnia – not associated with any other
health problems or conditions
Secondary insomnia – sleep problems due to a
________________ (e.g., pain, asthma, depr.)
Cont.
B. Causes of Insomnia
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________________ – positive or negative (e.g.,
job loss or moving)
Interference with sleep schedule (e.g., jet lag)
Emotional/Physical discomfort
Environment (e.g., noise, light)
Cont.
C. Treatment
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Acute insomnia
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Change sleep habits
Mild sleep aids
________________ insomnia
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Treat underlying problems
Behavior therapy
Sleep Apnea
Interrupted or discontinuous breathing
during sleep
A. 2 types
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) – blockage of
the air passage
________________ sleep apnea – brain does
not signal muscles to breathe (e.g. common in
stroke patients)
Cont.
B. Symptoms
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Dry/sore throat upon awakening
________________
Fragmented sleep
Snoring
Cont.
C. Treatment
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Conservative tx
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_________________________
Avoiding alcohol/drug use
Special devices (e.g. neck pillows, nose strips, dental
devices)
Cont.
Therapy – ________________ positive airway
pressure (CPAP)
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Prevents airway closure by wearing an air blower mask
on face & nose
Apnea will come back if therapy is discontinued
Surgery
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Outpatient procedure
Permanent fix to apnea
Narcolepsy
Neurological disorder that affects the control
over sleep & wakefulness
A. Symptoms
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Excessive daytime sleeplessness
Sleep paralysis
________________ – loss of voluntary muscle
control
Hallucinations
Cont.
B. Test for Diagnosis
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Polysomnogram (PSG)
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Overnight test that documents abnormalities in sleep
cycle
___________________________ (MSLT)
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Measures tendency to fall asleep
P.T. required to take 4-5 short naps during session
Cont.
C. Treatment
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Drug tx – antidepressants & amphetamine-like
stimulants
Avoid caffeine
Create sleep schedule
Sleep Aids
Amber Zabinsky
What is a Sleep Aid?
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3.
Over-the-counter
drugs
Prescription
Medication
Non-medical
supplements and
therapies
Over-The-Counter Medication
Should be used for transient or short term insomnia or in
conjunction with changes in your sleep habits
Pay attention to your body’s physical response to them
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2.
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Discontinue use if:
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Drowsiness
Dizziness
Forgetfulness
Constipation
Urinary retention
Blurred vision
Dried mouth & throat
Most Common Ingredient in OTC Sleep
Medication
1.
________________
a.
b.
c.
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Diphenhydramine citrate
Doxylamine succinate
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Most Commonly Prescribed
Medications for Sleep Deprivation
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Hypnotics
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b.
c.
Sedatives
Minor tranquilizers
________________ drugs
Prescription Sleep Medications
1.
Types of Sleep Aids
a.
b.
c.
d.
Non-benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
________________
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Non-benzodiazepines
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Newest class of sleep meds
Eliminated from the body quickly (short
half-life)
Not likely to cause daytime sleepiness
“Selective”
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Benzodiazepines
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This class is both ________________
acting medicines
Were originally formulated to treat anxiety
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Barbiturates
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Rarely prescribed due to risk of:
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Addiction
Abuse
_____________
Shuteye. COM sanofiaventis © 2002-2005
Antidepressants
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Not approved for
this purpose, but at
times doctors will
prescribe them to
promote sleep
Non-Prescription Treatments
________________
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Controversial
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Classified as a dietary supplement
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Not undergone rigorous clinical testing that
medicines do
Still widely sold as a sleep aid
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Herbal Sleep Aids
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Chamomile
Valerian root
Hops
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Passion Flower
Cont.
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Benefits are unproven b/c lack of extensive
testing
Generally considered safe but could be
harmful under certain circumstances
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Ex: Do not use chamomile if you are pregnant or
if you are taking blood thinners
Not approved by ___________
Common Side Effects
(depending on prescription)
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Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Daytime
________________
Diarrhea
Difficulty w/
coordination
Tips for better daytime habits
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Don’t take naps during the day
– Less than 30 minutes if you have to
Limit caffeine and alcohol
Don’t smoke
Expose yourself to bright light
or ________________ soon after waking
Exercise early in the day
Check iron level
Gina Kemp, MA and Robert Segal, MA © 1996 – 2005. Helpguide.org
Better Sleep Environment
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Make sure bed is large
& comfortable
Make bedroom
primarily a place for
________________
Keep bedroom peaceful
Gina Kemp, MA and Robert Segal, MA © 1996 – 2005. Helpguide.org
Cont.
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Hide your
________________
Keep pre-sleep rituals
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Regular schedule
Relax before going to bed
Don’t eat too much/ little
Bedtime snacks
Jot down all worries &
concerns
Go to bed when sleepy
Avoid “OTC” sleep aids
Gina Kemp, MA and Robert Segal, MA © 1996 – 2005. Helpguide.org