Transcript Document

Effective Community
Supervision in Drug Court
Presentation By:
Mack Jenkins, M.S.
Chief Probation Officer, San Diego County Probation Department
Objectives
Definition
Purposes
Risk Areas
Practices
Additional Risks
Summary
Session Objectives
1. Define community supervision in a drug
court context.
2. Identify goals of community supervision
in a Drug Court.
3. Identify effective community
supervision practices.
Drug Court Community Supervision Defined
• Community supervision is the effort to proactively
monitor the behavior and program compliance of a drug
court participant outside of the court room.
• Community supervision is an element of case
management services delivered to a drug court
participant.
• In drug court, a primary goal of community supervision is
to facilitate behavior change instead of mere compliance
monitoring.
Purposes of Community Supervision
1. Protect Public Safety
2. Deter non-compliant behavior
3. Provide accountability for the participant
4. Support progress of the participant
5. Detection and early intervention
6. Serve as an adjunct to treatment
7. Extend the team into the community
(1) Protecting Public Safety
• Drug offenders often commit offenses to support drug
habits
• Users are more likely than non-users to commit
crimes.
• Drug offenders commit a disproportionate among of
property crime.
• Effective supervision interdicts criminal behavior.
(2) Deter Misconduct
• A primary goal of effective supervision is to create a
conscientiousness of being “watched” by the drug court
team.
• Random and frequent contacts are intended to cause
the participant to think twice about engaging in behavior
that is not conducive to recovery.
(3) Accountability
• Ensure participant complies with probation terms
and/or program rules.
• Ensure participant attends and is engaged in treatment.
• Application of “coerced” treatment
(4) Support Progress of the Participant
• Supervision provides the opportunity for an
immediate response to both positive and negative
participant behavior.
• Using incentives (verbal praise, tokens, certificates,
etc.) to reinforce desired behavior and behavior
change.
• Regular supervision contacts can help support
recovery tools, and help the participant resist the
urge to use.
(5) Early Detection and Intervention
• Supervision can interrupt the relapse process
through;
o Knowledge of a participants relapse prevention
plan
o Recognizing an offenders personal trigger
o Prompt sanctioning of misbehavior
o Re-directing the participant to treatment
(6) Adjunct to Treatment
• An important role for supervision is to share
information from the field seamlessly with treatment
and the entire team.
• A basic function is to confirm and inform.
• Identify discrepancies in information.
• Support treatment plan goals.
(7) Extend the Team into the Community
• Absent effective community supervision, a drug
court team is operating in the blind.
• The supervision officer can be a key in presenting a
“united” front to the participant.
Supervision Issues
1. Risk Areas for Offenders in Drug Courts
2. Behaviors to Target
3. Indicators of Drug Use
(1) Risk Areas for Offenders in Drug Courts
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Eight risk factors have been shown to predict recidivism among
individuals under community corrections supervision. Andrews
and Bonta summarize these risk factors as:
1. History of Criminal Behavior (prior
interactions with the CJ system)
2. Anti-social personality (antagonism,
impulsivity, risk taking)
6. Substance abuse
7. Problematic circumstances at home (low
caring or supervision, high neglect or abuse,
homelessness)
3. Pro-criminal attitudes (criminal thinking) 8. Problematic circumstances at work or
school (limited education, unstable
4. Anti-Social associates
employment history)
5. Poor use of leisure time/recreational
time
• Problematic circumstances at school or work (for example: limited
education, unstable employment history)
(2) Behaviors to Target
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Drug use
Failure to attend treatment
Associating with anti-social/criminal friends
Vagrancy
Violation of program rules
Manipulation
(3) Indicators of Drug Use
- Failure to report/missing appointments.
- Change in normal appearance, unkempt disheveled.
- Change in temperament -unusually quiet or nervous
conversation.
- Disassociation with pro-social friends, i.e. non-using
roommate moves out.
- Unusual or inappropriate behavior reported by family or
other association.
Effective Community Supervision Practices
1. Assessment and Re-assessment
2. Supervision Strategy
3. Rapport Building
4. Home Visits
5. Periodic Searches
6. Drug Testing
7. Specialized Terms/Program Rules
(1) Assessment/Reassessment
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May use an actuarial risk/needs assessment.
Identify risk to recidivate and criminogenic needs.
Become familiar with criminal and treatment history.
Assessment should include strength areas.
Review arrest reports.
Assessment information should drive the case plan.
Assessment should be on going and at regular
intervals.
(1) Assessment
• Accurate assessment is a key to effective supervision.
• Assess for:
o Risk (Crimenogenic Risk)
- Crimenogenic needs
o Need (Clinical Needs)
- Addict or abuser?
(1) Assessment
• Drug Offenders will fall into the following categories:
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High Risk/High Needs
High Risk/Low Needs
Low Risk/High Needs
Low Risk/Low Needs
(1) Case Planning Based on Assessment Info
• High Risk/High Needs
o Intensive supervision, frequent contacts
o Treatment by licensed or certified clinicians
o CBT programs
o Vocational training, life skills, literacy programs, etc.
• High Risk/ Low Needs
o Intensive supervision
o CBT
o Vocational training, life skills, literacy programs, etc.
(1) Case Planning Based on Assessment Info
• Low Risk/High Needs
o Moderate supervision
o CBT
o Programs to teach productive skills
• Low Risk/Low Needs
o Prevention
o Diversion
(2) Supervision Strategy
• Supervision strategy should be designed to achieve goals of
supervision. It should include;
• Frequency
• Location
• Mode ( face to face, telephone, collateral, etc.)
• Structuring participant free time. Require the participant to
maintain a daily planner. The planer should include scheduled
activities between contacts. Use the planner as a guide for
field contacts.
(3) Rapport Building
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Set the tone for the relationship
Be respectful
Be direct
Be honest
Don’t argue
Roll with resistance
Develop discrepancy
(3) Rapport Building
• Don’t treat them like irreparable drug addicts.
• Offer verbal praise and positive reinforcement for
desired behaviors and progress.
• Encourage them to step out of the drug users world.
(4) Home Visits
• Announced and unannounced
• Based on assessment information and supervision
strategy
• Vary the times, non governmental hours
• Engage the family
• Evaluate condition of the home
• Drug test
• Support compliance and positive progress
(5) Searches
• The ability to conduct searches is determined by
statue, type of court, nature of the court order,
waivers and consents to search.
• Clearly state the provisions in program rules.
• Should be done randomly.
• Look for drugs and signs of drug use paraphernalia,
etc.
• Periodic searches serve to enforce program rules and
sobriety.
(6) Drug Testing
• Drug testing should be randomized to the maximum
extent possible.
• The frequency of testing should be tied to the drug
of choice used by the target population, phase
requirements.
• If practicable, use multiple specimens (urine, saliva,
hair, etc.)
• All urine drug tests should be OBSERVED.
• Plan to test during home visits, office visits and court
appearances.
(7) Specialized Terms/Program Rules
• Tailor program terms/rules to address the needs and
behaviors of an individual participant, or the target
population in general.
• Consider:
o Curfews
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Association restrictions
No alcohol
No prescription medication with out approval
Area restrictions (i.e. high drug areas, “hang out” areas,
etc.)
• Don’t have rules that you cannot effectively enforce.
Additional Supervision Issues
1. Core Correctional Practices for a Community
Supervision Officer
2. Competency Areas for Community
Supervision Officers
3. Working with Treatment
(1) Core Correctional Practices for a
Community Supervision Officer
• Core Correctional Practices
o Effective use of authority
o Prosocial modeling
o Effective reinforcement and approval
o Problem solving
o Relationship skills
o Structured skill building
(2) Competency Areas for
Community Supervision Officers
• Supervision officer should be knowledgeable:
o Addiction
o Psychopharmacology
o Stages of Change
o Relapse
o Motivational interviewing/Engagement Skills
o Field safety skills
o Working in an interdisciplinary team
(3) Working with Treatment
• Relation must be as seamless as possible.
• Establish and maintain regular communication.
• Ensure appropriate release of information forms are
place.
• Have a general understanding of the treatment
modality ( harm reduction vs. abstinence).
• Agree on the information to be exchanged, i.e. drug
tests, general progress in treatment, criminal history,
etc.).
• Must present a “united front” to the a participant.
Summary
• In Drug Court, community supervision is a part of the
team effort of facilitating behavior change.
• Utilize a range of practices to ensure accountability
and support recovery.
• Be familiar with the target population.
• Develop a supervision strategy that targets the
behaviors associated with recidivism.
• Enhance skills in key competency areas.
Contact Information
Mack Jenkins, M.S.
Chief Probation Officer, San Diego County Probation
Phone: (858) 514-3200
Email: [email protected]