Transcript Supervising Drug Offenders

Mack Jenkins M.S.
Chief Probation Officer
San Diego County Probation Department
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Review Common Characterizes of Drug
Offenders
Review Factors the Influence Drug Offender
Outcomes
Review best Practices in the Supervision of
Drug Offenders
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Eight risk factors have been shown to predict recidivism among
individuals under community corrections supervision. Andrews
and Bonta summarize these risk factors as.
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History of Criminal Behavior ( prior interactions with the CJ
system)
Anti-social personality ( antagonism, impulsivity, risk taking
Pro-criminal attitudes ( criminal thinking)
Anti-Social associates
Poor use of leisure time/recreational time
Substance abuse
Problematic circumstances at home ( low caring or supervision,
high neglect or abuse, homelessness)
Problematic circumstances at work or school ( limited education,
unstable employment history
Problematic circumstances at school or work (for example: limited education, unstable
employment history)
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Adopt Prosocial ID, develop less risky thinking
Reduce association with criminals
Improve coping skills, self management
Non criminal alternatives in risky situations
Build relationships
Enhance performance satisfaction
Involvement on prosocial activities’
Reduce substance use, enhance alternatives
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Cocaine
Opioid
Methamphetamine
Marijuana
Alcohol
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Increased HR
Increased BP
Pupils dilated
Heavy perspiration
Reddened nasal passages
Dry mouth
Loss of appetite
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Increased appetite
Chills
Weak
Profound depression
Stomach cramps
Tremors
Paranoia
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Decreased HR and respiratory depression
Fatigue/drowsiness
Apathetic
Constricted pupils
Dry mouth
Moody
Impaired thinking
Constipation
Slow reflexes
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Restless
Excessive yawning
Chills
Hot flashes
Clammy skin
Runny nose
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
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Restless
Agitated/irritable
Anxious
Pupils dilated
Possible hallucinations
Dry mouth
Loss of appetite
Skin disorders
Increased libido
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Increased appetite
Chills
Exhaustion
Abdominal pain
Tremors
Profound depression
Paranoia
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Increased appetite
Lack of motivation
Possible hallucination
Possible paranoia
Poor working memory
Laughing giggling
Possible leg tremors
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Increased HR
Dry mouth
Reddened eyes
Lack of convergence
Sensation of cold or hot hands and feet
Increased appetite
Poor short term memory
Inactive working memory
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Assessment
Case Planning
Supervision Strategy
Supervision /Treatment Collaboration
Competency areas
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Accurate assessment is a key to effective
supervision.
Assess for:
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Risk ( Crimenogenic Risk)
 Crimenogenic needs
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Need ( Clinical needs)
 Addict or abuser?
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Drug Offenders will fall into the following
categories:
High Risk/ High Needs
 High Risk/Low Needs
 Low Risk/ High Needs
 Low Risk/ Low Needs
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High Risk/High Needs
Intensive supervision, frequent contacts
 Treatment by licensed or certified clinicians
 CBT programs
 Vocation, training, life skills, literacy programs
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High Risk/ Low Needs
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Intensive supervision
CBT
Vocational Training, life skills, literacy, etc.
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Low Risk/High Needs
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Moderate supervision
CBT
Programs to teach productive skills
Low Risk/Low Needs
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Prevention
diversion
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Elements of a Comprehensive supervision
strategy should include:
Contacts based as dictated by the assessed risk level
and participant progress
 Home contacts
 Frequent and random drug testing
 Specialized supervision terms, based assessment
information.
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Relationship should be as seamless as possible.
Frequent communication a must
Agree on the information to be shared, i.e.
general progress in TX, missed appointments,
drug test results?
Exchange case plans
Use appropriate release on information forms
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Should be frequent and random to the
maximum extent possible.
The purpose is to detect and deter.
Know Drug detection windows;
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Meth- 48hrs
Cocaine- 72hrs
Opioids -72hrs
THC-2 weeks
Alcohol- 60hrs (ETG)
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The supervision(s) officer or entire team should
be knowledgeable in:
Addiction
 Psychopharmacology
 Substance abuse treatment
 Stages of change
 Relapse prevention
 Working on Multidisciplinary teams
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The key to effectively supervising drug
offenders is an assessment the identifies risk
and clinical need.
The team must use an assessment driven case
plan, that differentiates between dependence
and abuse.
There must be a coordinated stargey between
supervision and treatment