Transcript Sleep Disorders - California State University, Stanislaus

Sleep Disorders

Basics of Sleep
 Stages
 REM
and NREM Sleep
Sleep Disorders

Two Major Categories
 Dyssomnias

Problems with Amount, Quality, or Timing of Sleep
 Parasomnias

Abnormal Behavior During Sleep
Insomnia
Persistent inability to fall or stay asleep
 Trouble Initiating Sleep
 Trouble Maintaining Sleep
 Have Nonrestorative Sleep
 Most Common Sleep Disorder
 Primary vs. Secondary

Insomnia
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Causes?
 Medical
Problems
 Stress and Trying to Sleep
 Unrealistic Views About Sleep
 Drug Use and Poor Sleep Hygiene
 Use of Sleep Medications
 Circadian Rhythm Disruption
Hypersomnia
Sleeping Too Much
 Excessive Sleepiness
 Appear to Have Enough Sleep
 Person Experiences It as a Problem
 Little Is Known about Causes
 Appears to Run in Families
 Connection to Depression

Narcolepsy
“Sleep Attack”
 Excessive Sleepiness & Cataplexy
 Go Right into REM
 Triggered by Strong Emotion

Sleep Apnea
Repeatedly Stop Breathing While Asleep
 Evidenced by Snoring and Night Sweats
 Person Often Unaware of Problem
 Types of Sleep Apnea

 Obstructive
 Central
 Mixed
Medical Interventions
for Dyssomnias

Insomnia
 Benzodiazepines
and over-the-counter sleep
medications

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Prolonged use can cause rebound insomnia, dependence
Best as short-term solution
Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy
 Stimulants
(i.e., Ritalin)
 Cataplexy is usually treated with antidepressants

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
 May
include medications, weight loss, or mechanical
devices
Psychological Interventions
for Dyssomnias

Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments
 Modifying

Timing of Sleep
Phase Advances and Delays
 Improving
Sleep Hygiene
Bedroom for sleep
 Regular bedtime routine

 Address
Beliefs About Sleep
 Stress and Relaxation Training
Parasomnias
Problem not with sleep, but events during
sleep
 During REM

 Nightmare

Disorder
During NREM
 Sleep
Terror Disorder
 Somnabulism

Nocturnal eating syndrome
Other Sleep Related Problems
Hypnagogic Hallucinations
 Sleep Paralysis
 Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
 Restless Leg Syndrome
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