Transcript Epidemiological aspects of GIT disorders

Epidemiological aspects
of GIT disorders
Dr. Wasantha Gunathunga
objectives
 To
describe occurrence of GIT
disorders
 To discuss factors affecting GIT dis.
 To discuss preventive aspects
Epidemiology

The study of distribution and determinants
of health related states or events in
human populations
GIT

disorders
Disorders that manifest predominantly in
the gastro intestinal system
GIT disorders
 Communicable
 Non
communicable
Occurrence of GIT disorderscommunicable
 Parasitic
Helminths –
 hook worm, round worm
whip worm, pin worm

Occurrence of GIT disorderscommunicable
 Parasitic
Amoebas – E.
histolitica
 Other

Occurrence of GIT disorderscommunicable
Bacteria
 Gastritis
 Hepatitis
 Enteritis
 Colitis
 Other
and viruses
Occurrence of GIT disordersNon-communicable
Gastritis, gastric
ulcers
 Malignancies
 Ulcerative colitis
 Alcohol related
problems
 Other

In Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka a community survey of seven
districts found 20 – 32 per cent current
drinkers. In the rural area those who drink
do so heavily. A survey in eight villages
showed 71 per cent of respondents
drinking daily. Use is higher among poor
families. 93 per cent of respondents used
locally produced alcohol, which is not
reflected in the per capita consumption.
http://www.ias.org.uk/publications/theglobe/01issue3,4/globe0103_04_p4.htm
In Sri Lanka
 Fifty-seven
Sinhalese patients were
investigated for the presence of
Helicobacter pylori by PCR. A
prevalence of 70.1%, was
demonstrated.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=120560
H- nutr, imm
Levels of prevention
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary
Primary prevention
Host
Environment
Eg. tuberculosis
agent
Host
Age
 Sex
 Poor nutrition
 Habits
 HIV
 Immunity - BCG

Host
Age
 Sex
 Poor nutrition
 Habits
 HIV
 Immunity – BCG/OPV

Age :
 Old age (eg. TB)
 Infancy(eg.diarrho
ea)
 Sex:
 Male
 female

Host
Age
 Sex
 Poor nutrition
 Habits
 HIV
 Immunity - BCG

Poor nutrition
 Proper infant and
child feeding
 Nutrition during
illness
 Nutrition in special
groups
 Proper feeding of
senior citizens

Host
Age
 Sex
 Poor nutrition
 Habits
 HIV
 Immunity - BCG

Habits
 Prevention of
substance abuse
 Hygiene (food,
dental)
 Other

Host
Age
 Sex
 Poor nutrition
 Habits
 HIV
 Immunity - BCG



Prevention of HIV
will prevent many
other infections
Immunity –by
vaccinations – hep B,
A, OPV, other.
Agent
 Prevent
drug resistance –proper use
of antibiotics
Look for new forms – mutations, eg.
New cholera strains
Environment
Recognize
occupational
exposure
 Improve domestic
water and food
supply
 Prevent antibiotic
residues in food

secondary prevention
 Surveillance
 Screening
 Complete
treatment
Surveillance
 Epidemiological
surveillance is the
continuous scrutiny of factors that
determine the occurrence and
distribution of diseases or other
conditions of ill health. It includes
systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation and distribution of
relevant data for action.
Approaches of prevention
 Population
 High
approach
risk approach