From Plant to Drug - University of Arizona
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Transcript From Plant to Drug - University of Arizona
From Plant to Drug
Stefani D. Hines &
Dr. Susanne Valcic
The University of Arizona
Center for Toxicology
Source Material
= Biomass
Plants
Microorganisms
– bacteria, fungus
Marine organisms
Animal products
Role of Biodiversity
in Medicine
1.75 million known species of animals,
plants, fungi, & micro-organisms
Estimated to be 10 million species on
earth
Each species contains 100’s - 1,000’s of
chemicals
1 billion - 1 trillion chemicals
Loss of Biodiversity
~ 100 species/day is lost
Loss of potential new medicines
Biological Activity
Major Targets
– Infectious Diseases
– Cancers
– Pesticides
Biomass
Extraction
Crude Extract
Determination of
Biological Activity
Separation
Extract Fractions
Isolation
Active
Lead Compound
Pure Compounds
Identification
Collection Strategies
ecological strategy
ethno-medicinal strategy
environmental strategy
taxonomical strategy
random strategy
Biomass
Extraction
Extraction Methods
Solvent extraction
– at room temperature or higher
– flowing or non-flowing
Crude Extract
A complex mixture of unknown components obtained
from the biomass
Separation of the mixture done by the differences in
physical or chemical properties
Biomass
Extraction
Crude Extract
Determination of
Biological Activity
(in vitro)
Separation
Separation Methods
Centrifugation
Distillation
Crystallization
Filtration
Chromatography
Chromatography
- Basic requirements
Stationary Phase
– paper, glass, plastic, gel
Mobile Phase
– water, other solvent
Gingko biloba Extract
Bioactivity-Guided Separation
Extraction
Plant
Extraction
Crude Extract
Bioassay
Chromatography
Repeat
Pure
Compound
Bioassay
Complex Mixture to Single Compound
Active
Compound
=
?
OH
OH
Determine
Molecular Structure
HO
O
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
From Plant to Drug
Plant
Crude
Extract
Pure
Compound
Molecular
Structure
OH
OH
=
HO
O
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
Biological Activity