Transcript Veranstaltungsname

SMART Approaches in Tackling Drink Driving
European Road Safety Conference
Alcohol and driving in Germany
Prague May 7th, 2015
Dr. Horst Schulze
Federal Highway Research Institute
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Druid: some facts
• 6th EU Framework
Program project
• Start: 15.10.2006
• Duration: five years
• EU contribution: 19 Mio. €
• 37 partners
• 17 EU Member States and
Norway
• Seven Work Packages
• Co-ordinator: BASt,
Germany
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Problem situation: Epidemiology
Controls: Roadside survey
Drivers of personal vehicles
Stratified sample
Checked at random
N = 50 000
Cases I: injured drivers
Drivers of personal vehicles
Seriously injured (MAIS≥2)
N = 2 600
Cases II: killed drivers
Drivers of personal vehicles
Killed in traffic
N = 1 000
Dr. Horst Schulze
Conducted in 13 countries
according to a standardized
procedure
May 7th, 2015
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Roadside survey: All substances
Prevalence of all
psychoactive substances:
EU-Average: 7.43%
Colours
• No data
• above European average
• below European average
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Roadside survey: All substances
•
•
•
Most prevalent periods: weekend nights, week nights (22:00-04:00)
Alcohol 2-4 times more prevalent in male than in female drivers
Alcohol most prevalent among male drivers 50+
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Roadside survey: Alcohol + drugs
•
•
Combination any drug + alcohol
European mean: 0.37% (alcohol > 0.1g/L: 3.5%)
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Prevalence and risk
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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DRUID: Recommendations
Alcohol
Drugs
Medicines
Target groups
• ♂ < 35 years
• ♂ > 50 years
• Addicts
•
•
•
•
• ♀ > 50 years
• healthcare
providers
Enforcement
• focus on alcohol
• not at cost of
alcohol
enforcement
• more training in
drug detection
Dr. Horst Schulze
♂ < 35 years
alcohol + drugs
drugs + drugs
sleep deprivation
May 7th, 2015
• focus on misuse
and combined
consumption
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DRUID: Recommendations
Alcohol
Drugs
Rehabilitation • EU-wide harmonization • EU-wide
harmonization
measures
Withdrawal
Medicines
• in case of
misuse
• EU-wide harmonization • EU-wide
• in case of
• 3-12 months
harmonization
misuse
• for regular
• combination of
consumers in
conditional
combination with
withdrawal and
rehabilitation
treatment
• zero alcohol limits for
young, novice and
professional drivers
• evaluation of
Future
investigations countermeasures
• alternative empirical
methods
Dr. Horst Schulze
• Improvement of • more research
drug screening
• standardization
devices
of assessment
• dried-blood-spots
May 7th, 2015
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Accident risk – empirical evidence
Alcohol ban for novice drivers
Even a small blood alcohol
concentration may impair driving
ability of young, inexperienced
drivers significantly.
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Accident risk – Preusser (2002)
Relative accident risk (reference value are unimpaired 35 to 49 year olds)
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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International Evaluations
Alcohol ban for novice drivers
● US, Canada:

Reduction of fatalities between 11 and 33%
● Austria:

O, 1 ‰ alcohol limit in combination with the
introduction of the probationary driving

reduction of the proportion of drunk novice drivers (BAC
above 0.8 ‰) that were involved in accidents with
serious injuries or fatalities to 16, 8%
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Acceptance of alcohol prohibition
Survey on alcohol ban for novice drivers
(DEKRA, N=1100, 2007)
●
86.4% of drivers of all ages welcome the new regulatory
●
83.5% of the 16 to 26 year olds
FORSA-Survey made on behalf of the „Stern“
(18- to 25 year old, N=1001, März 2007)
●
92% argue for a total ban on alcohol for novice drivers
Internet-survey DVR
(novice drivers, N=mehr als 14.000, 2006)
● 82% argue for a total ban on alcohol for novice drivers
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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German Regulations
Zero tolerance alcohol law for novice drivers
Initial point:
•
Implementation of the law: August 2007.
•
The limit is applicable to novice drivers of all ages during two years of
probation and to all drivers under 21.
•
This decision was made referring to studies on risk factors and accident
statistics:
- Alcohol remains a very important accident cause.
- In 2007 one third of all alcohol related accidents were caused by drivers
between 18 and 24 years old.
- Exceptionally high risk of younger drivers is the result of the combination
of multiple factors.
•
Aims of evaluation:
It was investigated how the new law affects the accident events and
alcohol-related traffic offenses committed by the target group.
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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German Road Safety Measures
Implementation of zero tolerance alcohol law for
novice drivers (2007)
Evaluation study
Accidents
The total number of novice drivers that were involved in
accidents and had a blood alcohol content of at least 0.03
percent dropped by 15% in the first 12 months after the
introduction of the law.
Alcohol offences
A reduction of 17% of all the registered alcohol offences
among young drivers under 21 years of age was found during
the period after the introduction of the law. This compares to a
reduction of 2.5% for all persons older than 21 years.
(Holte, Assing, Pöppel-Decker & Schönebeck, 2010)
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Accident Statistics
25000
Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol
1991-2013
7000
> 24 years
18-20 years
21-24 years
6000
5000
15000
4000
3000
10000
accident involved (18-24 years)
accident involved (more than 24 years)
20000
2000
5000
1000
0
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Accident Statistics
9%
Share of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol
1991-2013
18-20 years
8%
21-24 years
> 24 years
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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Accident Statistics
Numberofofaccident
accidentinvolved
involved car drivers
ofof
alcohol
byby
BAC
Number
driversunder
underthe
theinfluence
influence
alcohol
bac
18-20 years
years
1200
0,3-0,5 mg/l
0,5-0,8 mg/l
1000
0,8-1,1 mg/l
1,1-1,6 mg/l
800
>1,6 mg/l
600
400
200
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Accident Statistics
Numberofofaccident
accidentinvolved
involved car drivers
ofof
alcohol
byby
BAC
Number
driversunder
underthe
theinfluence
influence
alcohol
bac
21-24 years
years
2500
0,3-0,5 mg/l
0,5-0,8 mg/l
2000
0,8-1,1 mg/l
1,1-1,6 mg/l
>1,6 mg/l
1500
1000
500
0
Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Dr. Horst Schulze
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Accident Statistics
Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol by BAC
> 24 years
12000
0,3-0,5 mg/l
0,5-0,8 mg/l
10000
0,8-1,1 mg/l
1,1-1,6 mg/l
8000
>1,6 mg/l
6000
4000
2000
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Conclusions
•
Alcohol is the most prevalent substance in seriously injured and killed
drivers in Europe
•
The zero tolerance alcohol law for young and novice drivers improved
traffic safety (accidents, offences) of this group substantially.
•
The acceptance of the law was high in the target group right from the
beginning
•
•
–
key factor for success
–
When acceptance remains high, a sustainable consolidation or
even increase of the effect can be reached
To stabilise acceptance and compliance:
-
Thematic presence of the danger of DUI driving in public
(campaigns etc.) and educational measures
-
Enforcement
“Driving Drinkers” can not be reached only by legal measures

Enforcement

Withdrawl

Rehabilitation
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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Thank you very much
for your attention!
Dr. Horst Schulze
May 7th, 2015
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