Transcript SPORTS AND DRUG USE

SPORTS AND DRUG USE
OVERVIEW
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
DRUG USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA
OLYMPIC GAMES
TESTOSTERONE ERA, 1927-1957
ANABOLIC STEROIDS ERA, 1958-1984
GILBERT REPORT , SPORTS ILLUSTRATED 1969
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ARRIVAL, 1984
TECHNOLOGY, SPORTS AND DRUGS
MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL STEROIDS ERA
MITCHELL REPORT 2008
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
GREEK ATHLETES, OLYMPIC GAMES
“PROTEIN DIET” AND WRESTLERS
ENDURANCE SEEDS/ RUNNERS
HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOMS
ANCIENT PERU, ANCIENT MEXICO
COCA LEAVES, CAFFEINE,
MUSHROOMS, SEEDS
SPORT, RELIGIOUS EVENTS
DRUG USE IN THE SPORTS
INDUSTRIAL ERA
1860s-1880s SWIMMING, BICYCLE
RACING, “SPEED BALLS” (HEROINECOCAINE) TO INCREASE ENDURANCE
1886 FIRST REPORTED DRUG RELATED
DEATH IN SPORTS, A CYCLIST.
1904 OLYMPIC GAMES, ST-LOUIS,
THOMAS HICKS, MARATHON RUNNER,
COLLAPSED, TEAM GAVE HIM REPEATED
DOSES OF BRANDY AND STRYCHNINE,
MEDAL AWARDED.
TESTOSTERONE ERA
1927 FRED KOCH AND CLYDE MCGEE,
(UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO) ISOLATED
AND EXTRACTED TESTOSTERONE FROM
BULLS, TESTED ITS IMPAC ON ANIMALS.
RESULTS: DRAMATIC INCREASE IN
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, PROCESS NOT
VIABLE.
1935 YUGOSLAVIA´S CHEMIST LEOPOLD
RUZICKA, ALTERED THE MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTEROL TO
PRODUCE SYNTHETIC TESTOSTERONE
TESTOSTERONE ERA
TESTOSTERONE, 1930s AND 1940s “FOUNTAIN
OF YOUTH” GAINS IN ENERGY, WEIGHT,
STRENGTH.
EXPERIMENTS IN GERMANY, TESTOSTERONE
PROVIDED TO ELITE TROOPS
1945 GERMAN SCIENTIFIC&TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES, SEIZED BY SOVIET GOVERNMENT
1952 HELSINKI OLYMPIC GAMES, SOVIET
WEIGHTLIFTING TEAM DOMINATES COMPET.
1954 VIENNA WEIGHTLIFTING WORLD
CHAMPIONSHIP, SOVIET TEAMS
U.S. TEAM PHYSICIAN, J. ZIEGLER, TESTED
TESTOSTERONE ON HIMSELF.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS ERA
“ANABOLIC” W/OUT “ANDROGENIC”
EFFECTS, MUSCLE-BUILDING W/OUT
AGGRESSION, INCREAS. LIBIDO.
1958 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
RELEASED DIANABOL, FOR MEDICAL
PURPOSES.
DR. ZIEGLER, U.S. TEAM PHYSICIAN
PERSUADED LIFTWEIGHTERS TO
USE DIANABOL
ZIEGLER TRAINING PROGRAM
NEW EXERCISE ROUTINE ISOMETRIC
CONTRACTION + PILLS
IOMETRIC CONTRACTION PULL/PUSH
AGAINST IMMOBILE RESISTANCE
“STRENGTH AND HEALTH” MAGAZINE
ARTICLE.
STEROIDS USE SPREAD THROUGH GYMS,
COLLEGE STUDENTS AND ATHLETES
STEROIDS & OLYMPIC GAMES
1964 TOKYO, 1968 MEXICO CITY
COLD WAR OLYMPIC, NATIONAL PRIDE,
CAPITALISM vs SOCIALISM
ATHLETES CONFESSIONS, HAROLD
CONNOLLY, TOM WADDELL, 30% U.S.
TEAM ON STEROIDS
1971 PATERA CHALLENGE TO SOVIET
ATHLETE: “LET’S SEE WHO’S STRONGER:
HIS STEROIDS OR MINE”
DEATHS FOR DRUG OVERDOSE
GILBERT REPORT
1969 SPORTS ILLUSTRATED, B. GILBERT
3-PART DRUGS IN OLYMPIC, COLLEGE
AND PROFESSIONAL SPORTS
USE OF A.STEROIDS IN PRO AND
COLLEGE SPORTS
PROFESSIONAL SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS
LACKED REGULATORY POLICIES
1972 68% U.S. OLYMPIC TRACK & FIELD
TEAM HAD USED ANABOLIC STEROIDS
1976 MONTREAL GAMES TEST
MANDATORY, PENALTIES UP TO
DISQUALIFICATION.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCING
DRUGS, 1970s
1976 CHANGED IN PATTERN, ATHLETES
RETURNED TO TESTOSTERONE (MALE
HORMONE) TO BEAT THE TEST, OR
COMBINED DIANABOL W/
TESTOSTERONE.
1982 TESTOSTERONE BECAME A BANNED
SUBSTANCE
1983 PAN AMERICAN GAMES CARACAS,
15 ATHLETES TESTED POSITIVE THE
FIRST DAT. 12 U.S. TRACK&FIELD
ATHLETES ABANDONED THE GAMES
BEFORE BEING TESTED.
H.G.H. ERA, 1984 to PRESENT
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
BODY BUILDERS, 1970s GH FROM
MONKEYS
H.G.H. EXPENSIVE, DIFFICULT,
EXTRACTED FROM THE PITUITARIES OF
CADAVERS ONLY
1990s SYNTHETIC VERSION OF H.G.H.
KERR “THE PRACTICAL USE OF ANABOLIC
STEROIDS WITH ATHLETES”
STEROIDS BOOM 1990s
BODYBUILDING BOOM 1990s
SELF-HELP LITERATURE: MANUALS,
HANDBOOKS, CONVENTIONS,
“PROPER USE” PHILOSOPHY
BLACK MARKET OF STEROIDS,
SMUGGLERS, GYM-DEALERS,
COACH-PROVIDERS
ATHLETES-SMUGGLERS
STEROIDS AND PRO BASEBALL
JOSE CANSECO, 1988 OAKLAND A´s AL MVP, 40-40 ONLY
MEMBER CLUB, “BASH BROTHERS” (MARK MCGWIRE).
“WASHINGTON POST” THOMAS BOSWELL ARTICLE.
KEN CAMINITI STORY, 1996 MVP, 2002 SPORTS
ILLUSTRATED INTERVIEW ¨AT LEAST HALF OF THE GUYS
ARE USING STEROIDS¨
2004 CAMINITI DIED, HEART ATTACK
COMPLAINTS BY SCHILLING, HANK ARON, REGGIE
JACKSON, REGARDING INFLATED BATTING RECORDS DUE
TO WIDESPREAD USE OF STEROIDS AND AMPHETAMINES
“JUICED, WILD TIMES, RAMPANT ´ROIDS, HOW BASEBALL
GOT BIG” 2005 BOOK BY JOSE CANSECO IS PUBLISHED
MCGWIRE-SOSA “PERFECT SEASON” 1998
JOSE “MILKSHAKE” VOGUE.
CANSECO BOOK PROVIDED A PLAYERS LIST.
BALCO SCANDAL 2003
BURLINGAME BAY AREA LABORATORY CO OPERATIVE
BLOOD-URINE TESTING ANALYSIS FOR ATHLETES
1988 OLYMPIC GAMES SEOUL
VICTOR CONTE, NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS PTICHMAN
1996 BILL ROMANOWSKI
ELITE ATHLETES CLIENTELE
MARION JONES, MIAMI DOLPHINS, BARRY BONDS, 2000.
CONTE´S HGH: “UNDETECTABLE, BETTER VISION, MORE ENERGY, MORE MUSCLE
MASS”
ZIMA TRACK/FIELD CLUB
BONDS 0CT 2001 73TH HOMERUN
2003 ANONYMOUS TIPSTER SENT A SYRINGE WITH TGH TETRAHYDROGESTRINONE
(ALTERED STEROIDS GESTRINONE AND TRENBOLONE TO AVOID DETECTION IN
TESTS)
U.S. FIELD/TRACK ATHLETES AND FOUR OAKLAND RAIDERS TESTED POSITIVE
SEPTEMBER 2003 FDA AUTHORITIES RAIDED BALCO OFFICES
“THE CLEAR AND THE CREAM” BONDS DECLARATION TO THE GRAND JURY .
OVER FORTY SUPERSTAR ATHLETES TESTED POSITIVE AND/OR WERE SUMMONED
IN THE INVESTIGATION
U.S. TRACK/FIELD ESTABLISHES LIFE TIME BAN ON FIRST TIME OFFENDERS
BALCO SCANDAL
2005 U.S. CONGRESS HEARINGS
CDC REPORT STEROIDS AND YOUTH
CANSECO, MCGWIRE, PALMEIRO, SOSA,
SCHILLING CALLED TO TESTIFY.
CONTE’S CONVICTION, “ROMO’S BOOK
TOUR” (BILL ROMANOWSKY)
DRUG FREE SPORTS ACT BILL PROPOSAL
(McCAIN, BONNING)
MLB DRUG POLICY (OCT 2005) 50GAMES100GAMES SUSPENSION-AND LIFE BAN
ON ANFETHAMINES AND ANABOLIC
STEROIDS. STILL NO TEST FOR HGH
PERFORMANCE ENHANCING
DRUGS DEBATE
MLB JUST RECENTLY APPROVED
MANDATORY STEROID TESTING IN
ATHLETES. WHAT IN YOUR OPINION WILL
BE THE IMPACT OF THIS POLICY.
PRO-STEROID LITERATURE ARGUES THAT
ANABOLICS USAGE SHOULD BE
ACCEPTED AND REGULATED, SINCE
ATHLETES USE/TAKE THEM ANYWAY. DO
YOU AGREE/DISAGREE? WHY?