Transcript Summary of Findings… - India Property Rights

IPRs and Innovation
August 10, 2016
Multilateral agreements
 Berne Convention,1886 - protection to literary and artistic
works. Revised seven times in 1896 (at Paris), 1908 (at Berlin),
1928 (at Rome), 1948 (at Brussels) , 1967 (at Stockholm) and
1971 (at Paris) and finally in 1978.
 The 1971 revision (the Paris Act) is of particular importance to
the developing countries
 Provides special concessions to these countries in making
translations and reproduction of foreign literary works for
educational purposes. Ninety countries are at present
member of the Berne Convention.
 In August, 1952 the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC).
India is a member of both the Berne Convention and the
UCC.
In India too legislation has supported IP
 1876, 1963 – Dramatic Performances Act
 1914, 1957 – Copyright Act
 1918, 1952 – Cinematograph Act
 1981 – Cine-workers welfare Cess Act, Cineworkers welfare Fund Act, Cine-workers
and Cinema Theatre workers (Regulation of
Employment) Act.
 1995 – Cable Television Networks
(Regulation) Act
TRIPS stipulates standardization of IPRs across
countries to ensure minimum standards
1.
Patents
2.
Copyrights and related rights
3.
Trademarks
4.
Geographic indications
5.
Trade secrets
6.
Layout-designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits (Semiconductor Mask
Works)
7.
Industrial Designs
The classic North-South divide in
innovation
North
South
 Developed economies
 Emerging economies
 Source of technology and
innovation
 Acquire technology through
transfers or imitation
 Demand for better IPRs to
ensure ROI on R&D
investments
 IPR protection to foster growth
What role do intellectual property
rights play in promoting innovation and
therefore driving growth in the
knowledge economy?
Structure of our analysis
 Innovation - the amalgamation of new ventures with creative
insights that leads to generation of social and economic value.
 Level of innovation is quantified as the number of IPRs
registered by a specific nation/state.
 Study the various factors that drive innovation in the economy
and their role in driving innovation
Extensive data
collation
 Total number of patent
application/granted
133 countries
 Macro-economic variables
(GDP, growth, FDI,…)
123 years
 IT and Infrastructure
variables
 Policy/Business metrics
Changing world order in Innovation
1980
1990
2000
2010
2014
China
0%
1%
4%
20%
35%
United States of
America
13%
17%
22%
25%
22%
Japan
23%
37%
30%
17%
12%
Republic of Korea
1%
3%
7%
9%
8%
Germany
6%
4%
5%
3%
2%
India
0%
0%
1%
2%
2%
Russian Federation
0%
0%
2%
2%
2%
Canada
3%
3%
3%
2%
1%
Brazil
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
Australia
2%
0%
2%
1%
1%
FDI and growth show no clear relationship with
Innovation
Patents vs. GDP Growth%
Patents vs. FDI
Innovation is related to higher incomes

Patents vs. Per Capita GDP
 Correlation between pc
income and patents
increased from 10% to 44%
over the last 26 years
 Direction of causality unclear
Innovation becomes a self sustaining habit
Legacy is the strongest factor
Summary of Findings…
Innovation does not
depend on growth
percentages but
does tend to be
focused in hubs
There is a clear
relationship between
wealth and
innovation; but no
clear direction of
causality…
Openness of an
economy and a
legacy key to putting
the economy on a
path to higher
innovativeness
Corroborating the findings on
Innovation within India
Controller General of Patents, Designs, Trade Marks and Registrar of Geographical Indications
India in the positive spiral of innovation
 India improves score – 7.23 from 6.95
 Increased IPR protection translates to higher firm level R & D
spending
 The Copyright software protection a step forward
 Make in India: IP an important component and so says the
PM
Lots to do on IP to foster Innovation
 Software product patents, no clarity.
 Copyrights implementation is poor, with delays in the legal
process
 Patenting is complicated – not just novelty, usefulness and
non obviousness but also Inventive step and Capable of
industrial application
Discussions…