Transcript Slide 1 - HCC Learning Web

Chapter 14
Politics and the Economy
George Ritzer
Presented by Rolande D. Dathis
POLITICS: POWER AND CONTROL
Democracy: Citizenship as
A radical idea
• Democracy
• Representative Democracy
• Direct Democracy
• Citizens
• Citizenship
Dictatorship: The seizure of power
• Dictatorships
• Cult of masculinity
What is politics ?
What is politics?
“ The societal competition through established
channels to advance a position or enact policy
to benefit the group’s members” (Ritzer 2015
p471).
What is power?
What is power ?
What is power?
Power is the capacity to control the behavior
of others.
Power is expressed through police officers,
professors, and business executives.
Power is marked by social structure such as
government , university, interest group,
political parties, and corporate hierarchy.
Democracy: Citizenship As A Radical
Idea
Democracy is a political system in which all the
people in a state choose their leaders by
voting and in some cases on legislation.
Representative democracy is a political system in
which the people elect their leaders to
represent their interests in the state.
Direct democracy is a political system in which
the people directly influence the decisions of
the state.
Democracy: Citizenship As A Radical
Idea cont’d
Citizens are native or naturalized members of a
given state or born in its territories.
Citizenship is the idea that individuals of a given
state can elect their officials within the state,
but also they are entitled to all the legal
rights and privileges as citizens of the state.
Dictatorship: The seizure of power
Dictatorships are states that are generally
totalitarian and governed either by one- man
show or by a small group of people.
Cult of masculinity is “a social practice that
organizes political life and the public sphere
about men and punishes perceived
deficiencies in masculinity in men” (Ritzer
2015 p. 473).
Political System
Two party system in the U.S
Democrats
Republicans
Multi-party systems
EX)
• Germany
• Canada
• Taiwan
Single party systems
EX)
• China
• Singapore
Who rules the U.S
Structural/ Functional
Perspective: Pluralism
Elite pluralism
Separation of
powers
Group pluralism
Conflict/ critical perspective: The
power Elite
Power Elite Theory
Who rules the U.S/ Key Terms
Group pluralism refers to the competition
among different interest groups and
organizations in the society for access to
political power in order to maximize their
interests.
Elite pluralism refers to the formation of the
same interest groups and organizations by
political elites that compete for power.
Who rules the U.S/ Key Terms cont’d
Power elite theory A theory asserting that
power is not distributed through a stable
society but is concentrated in a small number
of individuals who have power over the most
important institutions of the state, the
corporate economy, and the military.
Global Politics
Implementing political objectives
War
Nation- state
Geopolitics
Terrorism
Imagined communities
U.S Economy
Sociology of the
Economy
Industrial Revolution
Mass production
Scientific
Fordism
management and PostFordism
Deindustrialization
in U.S
Factors
Post industrial society
Decline of Labor Union
Global Politics/ Key Terms
War happens when nations bring into play their
military force to enforce their will on other
nations.
Terrorism “ happens when nongovernmental actors
engage in violence against noncombatants,
property, or the military to influence
politics”(Ritzer 2015p 483).
Geopolitics ”entails political relationships that
involve large geographic areas or the globe as a
whole( Ritzer 2015p481).
Global Politics/ Key Terms
Nation is a large body of people with shared
culture, religious, ethnic, and linguistics
characteristics (Ritzer 2015, Chernilo 2012).
Imagined communities are communities that are
socially built by those who perceive
themselves as part of them.
Nation –state is a political entity that connects
the nation with a geographic and political
structure.
Economic systems
Socialism
Communism
Capitalism
Welfare States
 Competitive
 Monopoly
 Transnational capitalism
Work, Consumption, and Leisure
Discouraged
Workers
Unemployment
underemployment
Changing Nature of
The U.S. Labor Force
Cathedrals of
consumption
Consumption
And the
Postmodern
Society
Consumerism
Leisure
Hyperdebt
Economy
Economy is the social system related with the
production and distribution of a large range of
goods and services.
Industrial Revolution established the factory system
of production, leading to the assembly line and
mechanized mass production.
Scientific management refers to the scientific and
methods encouraged by Frederick Taylor, look for
the “one best way” to perform a work.
The U.S. Economy cont’d
Fordism refers to the modern mass production
system encouraged by Henry Ford, depending on
machines, routines, economies of scale, and hard
technologies such as the assembly line.
Post- Fordism “ A production system for more
specialized products in differentiated markets,
relying on smaller production runs; more flexible
machinery, including the computer, and skilled
workers”(Ritzer 2015p495).
Economy
Socialism is the historical phase pursuing
communism and marked by society’s attempt
to consciously and rationally plan and arrange
production so all members of society benefit
from it.
Welfare state refers to Nations with important
social welfare programs managed by the
centralized authorities.
Economy cont’d
Deindustrialization refers to the decline of
manufacturing and an equivalent rise in many
kinds of services.
Postindustrial society is a society that was once
industrial, but where the focal point on the
manufacture of goods has been replaced by a
rise, at the beginning, in service work; that is, in
which individuals are participated in producing
services for each other instead of providing
goods.
The U.S. Economy
Competitive capitalism refers to an economic
system represented by a very large number of
small firms.
Monopoly capitalism refers to an economic system
represented by a small number of corporations
that control or monopolize a market.
Transnational capitalism refers to an economic
system predominates by transnational economic
practices.
William Julius Wilson ( American, born
1935)
Employment, Consumption, And
Leisure
Unemployment refers to the state of those who are
without work and eager to work and are actively
seeking employment but are incapable of finding a job.
Discouraged workers refer to the individuals who have
wanted to work within the last work but not in the past
four weeks.
Underemployment refers to the “state of workers who
are involuntarily working only part time, working
beneath their training and ability, or not fully occupied,
as in a seasonal industry”(Ritzer 2015p 502).
Employment, Consumption, And
Leisure cont’d
Living wage refers to the minimum income
necessary for a family to meet their basic
expenses.
Cathedrals of consumption refer to “large and
lavish consumption sites, created mostly in
the United States in the last half of the
twentieth century and into the early twentyfirst century”(Ritzer 2015p 498).
Employment, Consumption, And
Leisure cont’d
Consumerism refers to “an obsession with
consumption “(Ritzer 2015p 499).
Hyperconsumption refers to the actions of
people who buy more than they want,
necessitate, or can afford.
Hyperdebt refers to the act of borrowing more
money than one needs, therefore owing more
money than one can repay.
Employment, Consumption, And
Leisure cont’d
Leisure is a means of escape from
responsibilities related to work and family,
engaging in social activities that are not
compelled, relaxing, and perhaps revealing
and that are set apart in time and often in
space.
Globalization and the World Economy
Macrofinance refers to the globalization of
finance and money.
Deregulation refers to the “ lifting of
government oversight of banking practices,
allowing wild speculation and economic
bubbles that worsened the recession” (Ritzer
2015 p 505).
Globalization and the World Economy
cont’d
Eurozone refers to the 17 European Union
member states that utilize the euro as their
common currency.
Euro crisis refers to the “deep recession in the
eurozone”(Ritzer 2015p 505).