Transcript Large Marine Ecosystems

Large Marine Ecosystems
Component
Overview
J. Barbiere
2nd IORC, Barcelona, November 2014
Large Marine Ecosystems - What and Where?
Large Marine Ecosystems
LMES Assessment Methodology
LMES Assessment Methodology
 A level-1 global comparative assessment across the world’s
66 LMEs
 Also includes the Western Pacific Warm Pool
 Based on indicators under the 5 LME modules & global data
sets
 Clustering of LMEs into 5 ‘risk’ categories (highest to lowest)
according to environmental state/human dependence &
vulnerability
 Level 2 assessment (Bay of Bengal LME through BoB LME
project)- Nutrients.
LMEs & Open Ocean conceptual framework
Framing Questions
Key questions that the assessment will examine include:
 What are the current trends in LME status in each thematic area?
 Which LMEs are most heavily degraded and which ecosystem services
are at most risk?
 What is the projected status to years 2030/2050 (selected indicators)?
 Where is human dependency greatest on LME ecosystem services?
 Where are humans most vulnerable to changes in LME condition?
 What is the status of the governance architecture in LMEs and
implications for management?
What are the main emerging issues?
Large Marine Ecosystems
Indicators by LME module, Partners
Productivity
(NOAA, URI,
Ind. Expert)
Fisheries
(UBC)
Pollution & Ecosystem
health (IGBP, TUAT,
GESAMP, WCMC, CMAP)
Socio-economics
(Ind. Expert)
Governance
(CERMES,
U. Dal)
•Chlorophyl a
•Annual landings
•Nutrients (N, P, Si)
•% GDP fisheries
•Primary
productivity
•Catch value
• Index of Coastal
Eutrophication Potential
•% GDP
international
tourism
•Governance
architecture in
transboundary
LMEs
•Sea surface
temperature
•Marine trophic
index/FIB index
•Stock status
•POPs in plastic pellets
•Plastic debris density
•Catch from
•Change in MPA coverage
bottom impacting
gear
•Reefs at Risk Index
•Fishing effort
• Catch potential
projections under
global warming
•Human
Development
Index
•Mangrove extent
•Cumulative human
impacts
•Ocean Health Index
Large Marine Ecosystems
•Population within
10 m coastal
elevation
•Night Light
Development
Index
•Deaths caused by
climate related
natural disasters
LMEs Assessment Report Structure
LME
Module
Chapters/
subchapters
Lead Authors & Affiliation
Fish &
Fisheries
Executive Summary IOC
Pollution
1. Introduction
IOC, NOAA
2. Methodology
IOC, NOAA
Socioecon
3. Socio-economic
profile
L.McManus (Ind. Expert)
Governance
4. Governance
architecture in
transboundary
LMEs
L. Fanning (Univ. Dal) & R.
Mahon (CERMES Univ. West
Indies)
5.1.Primary
productivity & Chl
a
J. O’Reilly (Ind. Expert), K.
Sherman (NOAA)
5.2. SST
I.
Productivity
Ecosystem
Health
6. 1. Fisheries status
D.Pauly & V. Lam (Univ.
British Columbia)
6.2. Fishery production A. Rosenberg & M.
potential
Fogarty
7.1.1. Floating plastic
P. Kershaw (GESAMP)
debris
7.1.2. POPs in plastic
S. Takada (Tokyo Univ.
resin pellets
Agric & Tech,Int’l Pellet
Watch Prog)
7.1.3. Nutrients
S. Seitzinger (IGBP) & E.
Mayorga (Univ. Wash).
7.2.1. Mangrove & coral UNEP-WCMC
reef extent
7.2.2. Reefs at Risk
Index
7.2.3. MPA (change in
UNEP-WCMC
extent)
8. Cumulative Human
B. Halpern (Univ. Calif.
Impacts on ecosystems Santa Barbara)
9. Ocean Health Index
Belkin (Univ. Rhode Is)
UNEP-WCMC
B. Halpern (Univ. Calif.
Santa Barbara)
Global
11. Global Comparative K. Kleisner (NOAA) & L.
Comparative Assessment of LMEs
McManus (Ind. Expert)
Assessment
LMEs assessment products
Large Marine Ecosystems
LME ASSESSMENT MAIN PARTNERS
UNEP
CBD
Potential users/data
providers
GEF LME projects
FAO
THEMATIC
UNDP
Reg. Seas
Programs
UBC
EXPERTS
CORE
WRI
WMO
CERMES
UNIDO
NOAA
UNEP-WCMC
IGBP
IOC/
UNESCO
Executing
Agency
Coordination
UN Regular
Process
UNEP
GCRMN
GESAMP
CSDMS
Univ. Dal
ICRI
CMAP
TNC
IUCN
U. Rhode Is
OBIS
IPCC
IMO
IWLEARN
IUCNWCPA
IPBES
Open Ocean
Component
Overview of the Open Ocean component
Albert Fischer, Sarah Grimes, Bruno Combal
November 2014
Assessment approach
Global ocean – local vulnerability
• Focus on themes where a global commons / global environmental
issues related to the oceans exist
• Through indicators/mapping, identify local impact to ecosystem
vulnerability or human vulnerability, with future projections
where possible
• Assess the relevant thematic governance architecture:
how structures are interlinked
• Scientific assessment of peer-reviewed literature
– Necessary for long-timescale, high-uncertainty, potentially high-impact
environmental problems -> pollution, ecosystems
– Drawing from IPCC for climate
LMES & OPEN OCEAN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Assessment themes
 Climate change, variability and impacts (eg impact sea level
rise on local coastal populations)
 Ecosystems, habitats and biodiversity (eg impact of ocean
acidification on polar and tropical marine ecosystems)
 Fisheries, impact and sustainability (eg. fish stock status)
 Pollution and contaminants (eg. plastics in the marine
ecosystem)
 Socio-economics: Human dependency and
vulnerability
 Governance: architecture linking global with other
scales, science-policy interface
Complementary to LME
component
• Highlights issues that require global-scale
governance / management responses, where
regional/LME scale governance is not
sufficient
• Issues where regional/LME scale adaptation
responses will be necessary
Open Ocean partners
and associated experts (governance, corals, OA, climate, ...)
Characteristics of the assessment report / website
• Linking global ocean to local vulnerability
• Visual – maps, indicators, infographics
– on web: retrieve data/products behind maps, zoom to region of
interest; country ranking of vulnerability where appropriate
• Narrative assessment of high-uncertainty, potentially highimpact issues in each theme, and identifying human risk
from threats to ocean ecosystems
• Recognizes knowledge / monitoring gaps – key information
for IOC / GOOS
• Points towards possible interventions for GEF, or for
governments at global, regional or national levels