Transcript Cites 9 different IEEE articles as prior art - Purdue e-Pubs

Monetizing Usage of
Scholarly Collections with
Patent Citation Analysis
Paul Canning, [email protected]
Director Publication Marketing
IATUL, Porto, Portugal
22 May 2006
High Value Patent in Computer Hardware
USPTO Patent Number 5,825,308
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Key patent in tactile feedback technology.
Granted to Immersion Corp. in 1998
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Has been cited by 119 later patents (17 times as
many citations as expected)
Cites 9 different IEEE articles as prior art
Technology licensed to Microsoft for use in
game controllers and joysticks
Court granted an injunction to halt sales of
PlayStations, and ordered Sony to pay $90
million for infringement of Immersion’s
patents
Source: The Influence of IEEE on Key Patents, Patrick Thomas, PhD,
Anthony Breitzman, PhD; 1790 Analysitics, LLC, 12 January 2006
Numerical Technologies, Inc.
Phase Shifting Circuit Manufacture Method and Apparatus
Patent Number 6,258,493 July 2001
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Important to semiconductor manufacturing to create the features,
lines and shapes on semiconductor wafers
Describes method through which limits on optical lithography can
be overcome in order to shrink the size of integrated circuits,
enabling more transistors to be placed on wafers of a given size
Cited by 42 later patents, age and technology would expect 4
citations.
March 2003 - Synopsys Inc. purchased Numerical for
approximately $250 million…noting lithography technology as a
major reason
Numerical built extensively on IEEE science, citing six separate
IEEE papers. Levenson, M. et al., ‘Improving Resolution in
Photolithography with a Phase-Shifting Mask,” IEEE Transaction
on Electron Devices, vol. ED-29, No. 12, Dec. 1982, pp. 1828-1836.
Paper is the foundation of phase-shifting technology.
Source: The Influence of IEEE on Key Patents, Patrick Thomas, PhD, Anthony Breitzman, PhD;
1790 Analysitics, LLC, 12 January 2006
High Value Patent 6,233,550
University of California
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‘Method and apparatus for hybrid coding of speech at 4kbs,’ May
2001
Speech coding and compression is an important component of
communication systems.
Patent cites 37 previous publications. Out of these, 27 are articles
in IEEE journals including articles ‘M-LCELP Speech Coding at 4
Kbps” and ‘High-Quality Speech Coding at 2.4 to 4.0 KBPS Based
on Time-Frequency Interpolation”.
Scientific papers are an important pre-cursor to this patent on
speech compression technology.
Patent cited by 26 subsequent patents; seven times the average
number of citations received by patents in the same technology
class and year
Source: The Influence of IEEE on Key Patents, Patrick Thomas, PhD, Anthony Breitzman, PhD;
1790 Analysitics, LLC, 12 January 2006
Patents Exchange Monopoly
Rights for Disclosure
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Novel
Useful
Non-obvious
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Turns invention
into intellectual
property
Protects the IP for
up to 20 years
Encourages
companies to
divulge
innovations for the
public good
Hi-Tech Business Focus on Patents
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Much of the high-tech economy relies on
patents.
Most of the value of companies comes not
from tangible assets (plants and
equipment) but from intangible assets
(patents, trademarks, copyrights)
Patents are the most tangible of intangible
assets
Patent protection encourages innovation
All of the top patenting companies build
upon science & technology
Patents with Scientific References
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Contain new leading-edge ideas
Patents that only reference earlier
patents are likely to be incremental
improvements on earlier patented
technologies
US Universities Hold Patents
Licensing Revenues and Patent Activity
Fiscal 2003
New York University
$85,933,234
U California System
$61,119,000
Wisconsin Alumni Research
$37,573,468
U Minnesota
$37,492,778
U Florida
$35,248,484
U Washington
$29,131,798
U Rochester
$26,741,537
Cal Tech
$25,359,000
Michigan State U
$24,462,676
Source: Association of University Technology Managers
Chronicle of Higher Education
3 December 2004
Top Patenting Companies – USPTO 2004
Company
IBM
Hitachi
Matsushita Electric
Samsung Electronics
Canon
Hewlett Packard
Micron Technology
Intel
Sony
Toshiba
Fuji-Photo
Fujitsu
Siemens
GE
NEC
Philips Electronics
Bosch
Texas Instruments
Mitsubishi Electric
Infineon
Seiko Epson
AMD
Honda
Kodak
Denso
# Patents
2004
# Patents 1997-2004
3270
42,900
2995
33,050
2108
24,005
1877
14,324
1847
29,153
1788
17,947
1763
11,518
1625
9,561
1529
20,171
1452
25,659
1359
19,525
1340
15,710
1339
22,756
1291
34,070
1250
21,636
1225
22,650
995
12,721
926
13,403
906
19,881
869
2,550
859
5,350
803
7,752
790
9,335
777
20,166
763
7,768
Citations by Journals, Conferences and
Standards from Top 25 Companies
IEEE
Department of Energy
AMER INST PHYSICS
ELSEVIER SCIENCE
ACM-ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
Journal
SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING
Conference
Standard
IBM CORP
IEE-INST ELEC ENG
ACS-AMER CHEMICAL SOC
INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS
IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
IEICE-INST ELEC INFO COMM ENG
Amer Vacuum Soc/Amer Inst Phys
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
JOHN WILEY & SONS/WILEY-VERLAG/WILEY-LISS
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER
OPTICAL SOC AMER
AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
SID-Society for Information Display
0
Source: 1790 Analytics, 2005
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0%
30%
20%
Telecom
11%
OSA-Opt Soc Amer
Optics
Inf. Storage
Med. Device
Software
Hardware
Semic
Elsevier
AVS/AIP
14%
8%
3%
7%
28%
36%
Hardware
IEEE
SPIE
ACM
3%
10%
Software
IEEE
Elsevier
ACM
40%
32%
Med. Device
IEEE
6%
11%
Elsevier
IEEE
11%
4%
Elsevier
Inf. Storage
Lipp. Will&Wilkins
5%
AVS/AIP
44%
Optics
IEEE
12%
SPIE
17%
Telecom
IEEE
2%
10%
OSA-Opt Soc Amer
50%
4%
60%
IEE
70%
44%
6%
Eur Tel Stds Inst
10%
ACM
AVS/AIP
Elsevier
17%
62%
51%
52%
43%
32%
21%
14%
ACM
IEEE
16%
Elsevier
IEEE
13%
8%
Elsevier
IEEE
AVS/AIP
IEEE
18%
8%
AVS/AIP
Elsevier
8%
ACM
26%
10%
OSA-Opt Soc Amer
IEEE
12%
18%
IEEE
SPIE
6%
Internet Soc (ISOC)
IEEE
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
IEEE
Comparison or EP and US Results
European (EP) Science References
US Scie nce Re fe re nce s
Semic
Top 25 Computer Software Companies
2005 European Patents
260
K. P hilips Electro nics N.V.
194
192
Sap A G
M icro so ft Co rpo ratio n
142
So ny Co rp
95
Siemens A G
86
No kia Co rp
67
64
58
57
53
47
Samsung Electro nics
IB M
Cano n Inc
M atsushita Electric
Hewlett-P ackard Co
Tho mso n
38
34
34
33
33
29
28
27
26
26
24
24
21
Fujitsu Limited
To shiba Co rp
General Electric
A ccenture Ltd.
NEC Co rp
Hitachi Ltd
Xero x Co rp
France Teleco m
M o to ro la Inc.
Research in M o tio n
M itsubishi Denki
B ritish Teleco m
STM icro electro nics
0
50
100
150
200
250
References of Top Computer Software
Companies 2005 Euro Patents
445 (51%)
IEEE
110 (13%)
Elsevier/Pergamon/Academic Press
89 (10%)
ACM-Assoc Comp Machinery
52 (6%)
SPIE-Int Society Opt Eng
23 (3%)
Obscure/Unknow n
14 (2%)
Kluw er Academic/Plenum Pub
AVS/Amer Inst Phys
13 (1.5%)
Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Liss/Wiley-VCH
12 (1.4%)
IEEE/ACM
11 (1.3%)
Springer-Verlag
10 (1.1%)
European Assoc f or CompGraphics
8 (0.9%)
ISO-International Standards Org
8 (0.9%)
IBM Corp
7 (0.8%)
AUDIO ENGINEERING SOC
4 (0.5%)
IOP Publishing Ltd
4 (0.5%)
Internet Society (ISOC) (IETF Stds)
4 (0.5%)
International Telecom Union
4 (0.5%)
IEICE-Inst Electronics Inf Comm Eng
4 (0.5%)
IEE-Inst Elec Eng
4 (0.5%)
0
100
200
300
# and % of Science References
400
500
Patenting is Correlated with GDP
Patent Counts versus GDP by Inventor Country
100000
United States
Log(Patents) = 1.09 Log (GDP millions) + .16
Japan
# US Patents
R^2 = .68
Germany
10000
United Kingdom
France
Spain
Italy
China
Mexico
Canada
India S. Korea
Australia
Netherlands
Brazil
1000
Switzerland Russia
Sweden
Austria
Belgium
Norway
Turkey
Poland
Denmark
Indonesia
100
10
100
1,000
10,000
GDP (millions of US $)
Figure updated from “Inventing our Future,” p. 4 CSIRO/ARC/CHI Research, June 2000.
100,000
Using Bibliometric analysis to
support library resources
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Patents held by university
Patents invented by individuals
within a country
Patents registered by technology
Supporting Studies
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Breitzman, Anthony, (2005) “IEEE and Patents: An Analysis
of Patent Referencing to IEEE papers, Conferences and
Standards,” 1790 Analytics, LLC. 23 May 2005. Available at
Breitzman, Anthony, “The Influence of IEEE on Key
Patents,” 1790 Analytics, LLC. 12 January 2006 To be
posted at
Breitzman, Anthony, “Analysis of European Patent
Referencing to IEEE Papers, Conferences and Standards,”
1790 Analytics, LLC. 13 April 2006 To be posted at
www.ieee.org/patentcitations