Transcript India Part 2

India Part 2:
SS7G11: The student will explain the impact of
location, climate, physical characteristics,
distribution of natural resources, and
population distribution on Southern and
Eastern Asian countries.
A. Describe the impact climate and location has
on population distribution in South Asia.
B. Describe how the mountain, desert, and water
features of South Asia have affected the
population in terms of where people live, the
type of work they do, and how they travel.
Pages 196-199.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE AND LOCATION ON TRADE, AGRICULTURE,
AND INDUSTRY in INDIA:
Since India has a large area surrounded by water, trade ships
use the waters surrounding India as an easy way to access the
country as they have in the past. India is the 12th largest
economy in the world today because of trade and industries. In
Asia their GDP is third behind Japan and China. GDP or Gross
domestic product is the market value of all goods and services a
country produces. Industries also use the easy access to water
and transportation along India’s coast.
Climate in India varies. It varies from alpine to temperate, and
even to subtropical monsoons. (Alpine climate is cold and exists
in areas in the Himalayan Mts.) The monsoon is a pattern of wind
that returns each year from June to September. The monsoon
brings with it 80 % of Indian’s rain for crops. Since most Indian are
dependent on agriculture, summer monsoons bring a good
growing season. Most of India’s people are farmers involved in
agriculture.
Most trading partner from abroad access India by using:
1. Cars
2. planes
3 trains
4. ships.
Heavy rains are blown into India during the growing season by winds called:
1. Monsoons 2. Hurricanes 2. Cyclones
India’s climate varies because of its size and land features.
1. True 2. False
Population distribution in India is highest in places like
the
Indo-Gangetic Plain. It lies between the Himalayan
Mountains and the Deccan Plateau. It benefits from
three large rivers, two being the Ganges River and the
Indus River. These rivers and their tributaries carry silt
from the mountains to the farmland on the plains.
Rivers also provide a source for irrigation. The IndoGangetic Plain also has a long growing season and is
densely populated because it is a good place to live and
work.
Transportation in the Indo-Gangetic Plain is easier than
in the mountains. Level land make building and
maintaining roads easier.
Population distribution in India is highest in places like the
Indo-Gangetic Plain because it benefits from the Ganges River
and the Indus River. These rivers and their tributaries carry silt
from the mountains to the farmland on the plains to benefit
the growth of plants.
1. True 2. False
India: Compared to its neighbors, India has an abundance of
natural resources.
Coal, iron ore, diamonds, crude oil, and metals are a few of India’s
many natural resources.
India is a developing country. It used such natural resources as
crude oil and coal in factory production.
Pakistan:
Pakistan is India’s neighbor and was once part of India. The
Indus River is in Pakistan, and its population is mainly in the
Indus River Valley where there is plenty of water for farming.
42 % of Pakistan’s people are farmers with the majority of the
population living along the Indus River.
Climate in Pakistan varies. Areas along the Himalayan Mts.
and Hindu Kush tend to be alpine or harsh and cold while
other areas again are temperate.
Most in Pakistan are poor as it is a young nation compared to
India. It exports mainly to the United States and imports
mainly from China because of cheap prices. Trade is limited
but growing.
It is a developing country, not a developed country like the
United States.
Pakistan does not have as many natural resources as India, but
does have petroleum and natural gas as well as coal. It’s
industry is helped by having oil, natural gas, and coal.
Population distribution will be limited in the mountains such as
the Hindu Kush and Himalayan Mountains as the land is hard to
journey through. There is however an important mountain
pass in the Hindu Kush called the Khyber Pass. It has been used
for centuries and was how the invaders first entered South Asia.
In Pakistan the majority of the people would live along the
Indus River for water, fertile soil, transportation, and farming.
Indus River Valley
Hindu Kush
Khyber Pass
Bangladesh is a low lying areas on the east coast of India. It is
highly populated with a very poor uneducated population. The
climate is temperate. The land often floods and many a cyclone or
hurricane in the Indian Ocean have killed countless people coming
on shore to Bangladesh. The people are mainly farmers with little
industry, but their natural resources include fertile soil, water, and
natural gas.
Pakistan and Bangladesh are both poor developing countries.
1. True 2. False
It is better to be a developed country than a developing country.
1. True 2. False
StandardSS7G10:The student will discuss environmental issues of
South and Eastern Asia.
A. Describe the cause and effect of pollution of the Ganges River
such as overpopulation
B. Describe the cause and effect of air pollution and flooding in
India. Page 202-204.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
INDIA:
With a population estimated at 1.6 billion by 2050, India’s main
environmental concern is overpopulation.
What type of environmental problems could 1.6 billion people
create?
India’s main environmental problem is too many
people.
1. True 2. False
1.Feeding all the people 2. Fertilizer from farming getting into
the drinking water 3. Enough clean water to drink and use for
farming (water wars like big cities Atlanta taking water from
other places like Bainbridge) 4. Toxic waste from increased
industry getting in the Ganges and other rivers 5. Air pollution
6. Deforestation as people burn trees for fuel.
South Asia has many rivers. In India the main river in the
hearts of the people is the Ganges River. . The Ganges River
is considered holy to the Hindu. Faithful Hindu come from
far and wide to bathe in this river. Since it is sacred, one
might be healed by bathing there. Devout Hindus are
reluctant to believe that the Ganges is polluted, but it is.
People do laundry in the waters. They wash their dishes
there. They wash themselves there. Some interested in the
environment try to be more politically correct when
speaking to the Hindu about their river. They say, “Mother
Ganges is suffering.”
Artificial fertilizers are used on crops and seep into the
Ganges River. Toxic waste from industry along the river,
boats, and vehicles pollute the water and the air. People
bathe and wash clothes and dishes there.
Artificial fertilizers are used on crops and seep into the Ganges
River. Toxic waste from industry along the river, boats, and
vehicles pollute the water and the air. People bathe and wash
clothes and dishes there.
The Ganges River is about to recover from being polluted.
1. True 2. False
They cook, bathe, do dishes, and wash in the Ganges River. No wonder
it is polluted.
Funeral ghats along the Ganges River
Asian Brown Cloud:
This affects all of South and East Asia. It is a brown haze that
effects areas differently. It is a direct result from people burning
wood for cooking and heat, toxic waste from factories , and forest
fires. It alters monsoon patterns which can cause drought,
reduces photosynthesis, increases human respiratory problems,
and reduces solar radiation.
Thick brown clouds of soot, particles and chemicals stretching from
the Persian Gulf to Asia threaten health and food supplies in the
world, the U.N. reported Thursday, citing what it called the newest
threat to the global environment.
The regional haze, known as atmospheric brown clouds, contributes to
glacial melting, reduces sunlight and helps create extreme weather
conditions that impact agricultural production, according to the report
commissioned by the U.N. Environment Program.
The huge plumes have darkened 13 megacities in Asia — including
Beijing, Shanghai, Bangkok, Cairo, Mumbai and New Delhi — sharply
"dimming" the amount of light by as much as 25 percent in some
places.
Caused by the burning of fossil fuels, wood and plants, the brown
clouds also play a significant role in exacerbating the effects of
greenhouse gases in warming up the earth's atmosphere, the report
said.
The Asian Brown Cloud does which:
1. Alters monsoon pattern leading to drought
2. Reduces photosynthesis because of the haze
3. Increases human respiratory problems
4. Reduces solar radiation.
5. All of the above.
Which is not a reason for the Asian Brown Cloud:
1. Burning wood for fires
2. Battery powered cars
3. Toxic waste from factories
4. Forest Fires
.) The monsoon is a pattern of wind that returns
each year from June to September. The
monsoon brings with it 80 per cent of Indian’s
rain for crops
Bangladesh is a low lying areas on the east coast of
India. It is highly populated with a very poor
uneducated population. The climate is temperate. The
land often floods and many a cyclone or hurricane in the
Indian Ocean have killed countless people coming on
shore to Bangladesh. The people are mainly farmers
with little industry, but their natural resources include
fertile soil, water, and natural gas.
SS7G12: The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the
people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia:
B. Evaluate the effects of the literacy rate on the standard of living
in Southern Asia.
Pages 208
Literacy in India is 65 percent. Many poor women still do not
go to school. India is growing quickly due to outsourcing from
the United States. Places with higher literacy advance quicker
in sciences. This helps a nation to be successful. It also makes
lower rates of unemployment.
Outsourcing-American jobs going overseas where the people
work for less than in the United States.
Out sourcing is helping India grow. 1. True
False
2.
Out sourcing is where jobs from wealthy countries
go over seas to places like India where wages are
cheap and people have the right amount of
education.
1. True 2. False
If you can not read or write you are said to be
literate.
1. True 2. False
Literacy rates:
The countries with the highest literacy rate are the most
developed. China has 91 % and Japan has 99 per cent for literacy
rates. These countries advance quicker in the sciences. This
helps nations to be successful. Countries with higher literacy
rates have lower unemployment. Why?
SS7CG7: The student will demonstrate an understanding of national
governments of South and Eastern Asia.
A. Compare and contrast the federal republic of India, the communist
state of the People’s Republic of China, and the constitutional
monarchy of Japan, distinguishing the form of leadership and the
role of citizens in terms of voting rights and personal freedom.
SS7E8 The student will analyze different economic systems.
A. Compare how traditional, command, and market economies
answer the economic questions (What to produce? How to
produce? For whom to produce?)
B. Explain how countries have mixed economies located on a
continuum between pure market and pure command.
C. Compare and contrast the economic systems in India, China,
Japan, and North Korea.
SS7E10: The student will describe the factors that
influence economic growth and examine their
presence or absence in India, China, and Japan.
A.Explain the relationship between investment in
human capital(health, education, and training of
people) and the gross domestic product
B. Explain the relationship between investment in
capital goods( factories, machinery, and new
technology) and gross domestic product GDP
C. Describe the role of natural resources in a
countries economy.
D. Describe the role of entrepreneurs who take the
risks of organizing productive resources.
Pages 212-218
Governments of South and Eastern Asia:
1. India:
Federal Republic or Parliamentary Democracy. In a
federal republic or democracy the people vote on
leadership and have a say so in what is produced in
that country.
It has 3 branches with a bicameral parliament, a
president whose duties are mainly ceremonial, and a
judicial branch. (Federation) (Parliamentary
Democracy)
People join political parties based on religion, castes,
and language. Since most people are poor villagers,
the state is trying to bring back village councils.
2. China:
China is a communist /oligarchycountry controlled by
three branches of government. Communist Party
members is the only real political party that matters in
China. The National Peoples Congress controls the
legislative branch of government with its unicameral
house. Their meetings are not open to the public. The
leadership of China comes from the NPC.
The one real check on the Communist Party is the fact
that they must somewhat keep the people happy
there. The people have no say so, but are controlled by
the some group at the top of the communist
government which decides how the government will be
run and what is produced.
Unitary/oligarchic
Japan:
Constitutional Monarchy (weak emperor/strong Prime Minister).
In a constitutional monarchy there is a weak emperor or king who is
not elected. Power is in the hands of the Prime Minister who leads
the legislative branch and the government. The people have a part
in who the Prime Minister is through their vote.
Their legislature is called a Diet. It also is bicameral or has two
houses. Japan has 47 prefectures or government districts.
(Federation/parliamentary democracy)
Japan
India
China
Government types
1. Communist and oligarchic
2. Parliamentary Democracy
3. Absolute or Hereditary Monarchy
4. Presidential Demcracy
Four economic systems.
1. Market economy—the people decide what is made by factories
based on what they buy. Factories do not make goods no one will
buy. (Consumer goods are made.)
2. Command economy—the government –not the people decide
what will be produced. Usually military goods or building
products.
3. Traditional economy—things are bought and sold as they have
always been bought and sold in the past.
4. Mixed economy---combination of two different economies usually
market and command. Most economies are mixed today.
Compare the economies of India, China, Japan, and North Korea
1. India
Economy: Mixed ( market) the government makes some
economic decisions and the businesses and individuals make
other decisions.
65 literacy rate
A portion is well educated. The major souce of India’s economic
growth is the service sector. India’s labor force thrives because
of outsourcing US companies send jobs there because labor is so
much cheaper. In other words that can hire people there to do
the same job as Americans for less money.
A large portion of the population is still involved in agriculture.
Indian infrastructure includes communication, transportation,
education (schools), and power lines.
Government does invest in capital goods such as factories,
technology, and machinery as well as human capital such as
schools. Because of investment and outsourcing India’s Gross
Domestic Product is on the rise.
2. China’s economy is mixed (command )
Since the death of Mao, his successors have focused on
developing a market oriented economy. China will be a great
competitor to the US someday. They have many entrepreneurs
(business people willing to take risks).
Because China has started developing a more market oriented
economy and invested in capital goods and human capital their
gross national product has quadrupled. China also produced
cheap products due to cheap labor which gives China the third
largest Gross Domestic Product in the world behind the United
States and Japan.
3. Japan mixed –market economy where the people decide
what is bought and sold through what they buy. Japan
has invested in human capital and capital goods. They
produce high quality products at inexpensive prices. This
gives Japan the second largest Gross Domestic Product in
the world behind the United States.
China , Japan, India
1. Mixed market
2. Mixed command
Japan and International Trade:
Japan is an international exporter of many manufactured
goods. It has few natural resources so imports food and raw
materials needed in manufacturing. It then makes computer,
cars, and other technology and sell it abroad. Japan sells
more than it buys from other countries and has a favorable
balance of trade and stable economy.
Since it makes more than it spends( or exports more than it
imports) Japan has a trade surplus. Japan takes the extra
money and invests it in stocks, bonds, real estate, and
businesses that make it even richer.
4. North Korea economy is controlled by one dictator so it is
mostly command.
SS7E9: The student will explain how voluntary trade benefits
buyers and sellers in South Asia.
A. Explain how specialization encourages trade between countries.
B. Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers such as
tariffs, quotas, and embargos.
C. Explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging
currency between nations.
Page 220-222.
High populations which work for much less than people in other
parts of the world and outsourcing are significant reasons for
international trade. Corporations must make a profit if they
can hire a worker who can do the same job—one for 50.00 an
hour or one for 5 dollars and hour—who are they going to hire
and why?
Also, if they can build the same factory with or without expensive
government regulations and benefits to employees such as
healthcare, which are they going to pick?
India:
India’s labor force thrives because of outsourcing US companies
send jobs there because labor is so much cheaper. India has also
reduced tariffs or taxes charged o goods entering the country
(imports). This has led to increased trade and investment in India.
Compare and contrast your thoughts on outsourcing if you are
1. An American whose job left the US and went to a new
factory in India.
2. You are an Indian who just got a new job in an outsourced
factory in India.
American who lost his job:
1. Outsourcing takes jobs away from America and hurts
America.
2. It hurts American workers who can’t find a job and can’t
pay their bills.
Other Americans not affected.
1. Cheaper prices
Indians who are hired.
More jobs and opportunities for a better life.
Political Trade Barriers: government using political influence to
punish trading partners.
A. Tariffs are taxes on goods coming in or imports. The average
tariff (duty) or tax is small unless the government is trying to
discourage trade. They do this either to punish political
enemies or to keep profits from goods they already make in
their own country. Protective tariffs are high taxes made to
discourage trade for one of those reasons.
B. Quotas is another kind of way to discourage trade by limiting
the amount a product that can come into a country.
C. Embargos is a prohibition of commerce or trade altogether.
In the Sudan the US has an embargo on trade because of the
unstable government and the humanitarian crisis in Darfur.
Tariff, quota, embargo
1. Limiting the number of goods allowed into a country
2. Stopping or halting trade to punish a trading partner for something
they are doing that you do not like.
3. A tax on an import to help your businesses or farmers products
from being hurt by foreign competition.
Currency Exchange:
An exchange rate is set so countries can buy and sell goods
in different countries.
India: Rupee -- one US dollar is about 45 rupees
Chinas: Yuan --one US dollar was 7.8 Yuan
Japan: Yen—one US dollar was 118 yen
China, Japan, India
1.Rupee
2. Yuan
3. Yen