Transcript uploads/1/5/1/7/15175396/india_powerpointx

India
“We can do no great things; only small things with great love.”
-Mother Teresa of Calcutta
Population: 1,189,172,906 (July 2011 est.)
Largest Democracy in the world
2nd most populous country
30% Urban
70% Rural
1.344% growth rate
Language in India
The official languages are Hindi and English
22 official ‘scheduled’ languages spoken in over 1600 dialects:
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada,
Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Nepali,
Oriya, Eastern Panjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu,
Urdu.
Ethnicity
72% Indo-Aryan
25% Dravidian
3% Mongoloid or other including
Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic
Religion
Hindu 80.5%,
Muslim 13.4%,
Christian 2.3%,
Sikh 1.9%,
other 1.8%
unspecified 0.1%
(2001 census)
For Hindus, cows are considered
sacred and are seen roaming the
sidewalks, stopping traffic, helping
themselves to food and inviting
themselves into shops.
Government
• Independence from British Raj in August of 1947
• Common law legal system based on British model
• Federal democracy with numerous private parties and separate personal
law codes based on religious values
• Judicial, executive, and legislative branches;
• Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, is Head of government
• Ongoing war with Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir
Above: India’s single border crossing into Pakistan in Amritsar, Punjab State. The border closes
nightly with an extensive performance given by guards on both sides. The bleachers are never
anything short of crowded.
Economy
GDP (purchasing power parity): $4.06 trillion
GDP per capita (PPP): $3,500
Labor force: 478.3 million
52% agriculture, 14% industry, 34% services
(2010)
Sanitation facility access
unimproved :
urban: 46%
rural: 79%
total: 69% of population
(2008)
Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
Lowest 10%: 3.6%
Highest 10%: 31.1% (2005)
25% of people live below poverty line(2007 est.)
Child Labor
1986 – Child Labor Prohibition
and Regulation Act stating that
no child under the age of 14
can legally work in hazardous
conditions that prevent health
and education
1999- UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child
There are still 12.4 million
child laborers officially
recorded and an estimated 34100+ million altogether
Caste System
(ancient Hindu social stratification)
Discrimination based on caste is
illegal, but is still widely
accepted, especially in rural
areas. There is a direct
correlation between caste,
poverty, and illiteracy.
Refugees
• There are over 1 million refugees from other countries including Tibet, Myanmar, and
Afghanistan
• There are a substantial number of Indian refugees, who are displaced from their homes
and forced to settle in other regions looking for work opportunities. Often times these
people live in slums and are forced to accept very little pay for hard labor and long
hours. Above: Rajastani slum in Dharamsala, Himachelpradesh
Education in India
• Funded and controlled by
Union government, State
government and private
sector.
• Constitution provides free
and compulsory education
to children up to 14 years
old.
• Although there has been a
lot of improvement in
literacy rates and
attendance, only 15% of
students reach high school
and a mere 7% graduate.
• 25% of teaching jobs are
vacant and 57% of college
professors do not hold a
masters or Ph.D
Literacy rate: 61%;
males 73.4%, females 47.8%
(2001 census)
In 1947, the literacy rate was at 14%;
Female literacy rate was at 8%
Strengths
* Women's motivation and participation was high;
* The project approach to management adopted for adult education programme is feasible;
* The quality of teaching-learning materials prepared by National Resource Centre and the State
Resource Centres were found to be good;
*The programme worked well where special recruitment procedures were adopted.
*Coverage of weaker sections of the society (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) was higher
than target;
National Adult Education Project
(launched 10/2/78) (evaluated
between 1980-1985)
Weaknesses
* Quality of training of the functionaries was poor;
* The learning environment was poor.
* Mass media did not provide appreciable support;
* Achievement levels of literacy were below the desired level;
* Voluntary agencies did not receive willing cooperation from State Governments.
* The existing procedures for their involvement was discouraging.
* There was no linkage between basic literacy, post literacy, follow- up and continuing education,
resulting in the relapse of large number of neo-literates into illiteracy;
* Training of adult education functionaries at all levels lacked participatory and communicative
techniques;
* Political and administrative support of the State Goverments and the Panchayati Raj institutions wer
not forthcoming.
Other literacy/retention efforts
• Mid-day Meals Scheme- schools provide
free food for children who attend school. At
43.5%, India has the highest rate in the
world of underweight children under 5
(2005)
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan- Partners with
state government to build adequate school
facilities in rural areas where there are
none. This includes teacher improvement,
toilets, drinking water, and in some cases,
computer education. SSA has special
programs for girls and special needs
students.
Above: children eating a midday meal.
Their school was built with black
plastic, sheet metal, and bamboo, and
children walk to the nearby river to use
the bathroom
Resources
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https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=in
http://hinduism.about.com/od/history/a/indiaquotes.htm
http://adaniel.tripod.com/modernindia.htm
http://www.education.nic.in/cd50years/y/3T/9Q/3T9Q0301.htm
http://india.gov.in/
• Photography by Holly Claire Nollman (2010)
• Other images from Google Images