Transcript Promoting Geothermal Resources in Comoros

UNION DES COMORES
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Strategy for Geothermal Power Development
IRENA- Martinique Conference
22-24 June, 2015
Houmadi NAOILDINE, Directeur du Bureau Géologique
Douglas Casson COUTTS, UNDP/UN Resident Coordinator
(former – now retired)
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Government
Union of the Comoros – independence, 1975
Recognized by the UN and AU as formed by 4 islands
i.e. Mayotte, Anjouan, Mohéli and Grande Comore
Federal Constitutional democracy - based in Moroni
(member of AU, Arab League, la Francophonie)
President Dr. Ikililou Dhoinine - elected in May 2011
Each island has a democratically-elected local
government
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Economy
Population - 750,000 (another 40 % in France)
GDP - US$ 600 million
GDP per capita - $ 800.
Major exports - vanilla, cloves and essential
oils from ylang-ylang
Tourism and fishing are in development;
economy based on diaspora remittances
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General context - energy sector
• Small Island Country (SIDS)
• Main energy source: Wood 66% and fuel(oil) 34%
• Small scale electricity production (less than 15MW
power plant)
• Base cost of power generation - 285 FC/kwh (
US$0.85/ Kwh)
• 76% of the costs of generation are due to diesel fuel
costs – little cost recovery by local utility.
• High Price of Electricity: current tariff is 132FC/kWh
(US$0.35/kWh)
• Damage to environment due to use of wood as
main energy source for communities
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General context - energy sector
• Small scale diesel generation is at high cost
• Power companies cannot achieve financial
stability which is not sustainable also for the
economy
• Energy issues have led the government to
seriously consider geothermal energy as a
sustainable response to the energy needs in
the medium and long term.
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Strategy - Geothermal Power Development
• basic cost of geothermal generation for a 20 MW
plant - US$ 0.10 to 0.15 per kWh
• Geothermal generation is better suited to providing
a base-load
• Diesel generation provides system stability
• Strong commitment of Gov't with AU and UN
engagement, major incentive to potential partners
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Strategy - Geothermal Power Development
• Key indicator - potentially exploitable
geothermal system is the presence of a rift
system associated with an active volcano
• First assessment, carried out ​in 2008 as part
of a geophysical survey has revealed that a
great active geothermal system is present
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WHERE/LOCATION ?
Identified geothermal
system
Main crater
MT Survey
Strategy - Geothermal Power
Development
Pent up Demand - A list of key issues would include
consideration of the following:
• Current load demands, and daily demand variation,
to determine what level of geothermal base load
generation could practically be considered in a first
stage development
• Given an estimate of a potential geothermal power
plant size determine the likely cost of geothermal
generation at this scale
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Strategy - Geothermal Power
Development
• The economic benefits of substitute the use of
imported fuels with geothermal energy
• Identification of the costs of the next stages of
exploration and drilling in particular
• Determining potential sources of financing for these
next phases – raising funding for the scientific and
exploratory drilling phases is a key challenge in
most geothermal developments (which lend
themselves to a public sector focus given the risks
involved)
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Strategy - Geothermal Power
Development
• Reviewing current and considering new legislation - public
and/or private participation, in particular resource
ownership and development
• Requirements for project staffing, and local capacity
building, plus infrastructure, roads, etc.
• Potential social issues such as land ownership, access, and
public education about the project
• Political sensitivities – other islands; renewable nongeothermal options (Clinton Foundation)
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Partnership Strategy
Comparative Advantage - each partner brings specific
contribution & expertise
• Government of Comoros, sovereign owner institutional and legal framework; Geological
Bureau as technical operator of the project
• UNDP Comoros, mobilizing partners, facilitator
• NZ Government – adoption of Comoros, technical
expertise through companies, i.e. Jacobs, GNS, etc.
• African Union, through Geothermal Risk Mitigation
Facility (GRMF), Financial contribution
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Brief history
Year
Activities carried out
April 2008
Geophysical studies (5MT) and geochemical
May 2013
Elaboration of the Strategy for the Development of Geothermal Energy
October 2013
Application GRMF project – Comoros and NZ with UNDP
January 2014
NZ Hosted-Roundtable Discussion with potential geothermal project
partners in Abu Dhabi: ADB, IDB, the AU, the Ministries of Foreign
Affairs of the UAE and the Clinton Foundation
September 2014 Full application of the detailed project for the African Union
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Brief history
Date
Activities
Status
Geological mapping, delineation of the study area
Done
Proposal stations (MT Stations) for Geophysical studies Done
Main site access
Done
Sept 2014
Awareness activities with local communities at the
geothermal site
Done
Oct-Nov 2014
Scouting / line cutting by local crew. Setting up Karthala Done
base camp with all logistics
Oct-Nov 2014
Geological and Geochemical surveys
Done
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Ongoing activities




MT (magnetotellurique) Surveys : 80
Gravity measurements: 300
Construction of road infrastructure
Construction of a water storage
reservoir
 Drilling exploration.
On-going activities
Geological
mapping of the
study area, MT
Station and
location of
access
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Time line
EXPLORATION
Surface
Exploration
By geophysical
methods.
Identification and
characterization of
the reservoir
1 year
Drilling
Exploratory
and
evaluation
of reservoir
capacity
2 years
DEVELOPPEMENT
Production wells.
Study, design,
manufacture and
installation of
electromechanical
equipment for
geothermal plant
1.5 years
PRODUCTION
Exploitation
The surface exploration and drilling phase requires public
funding due to the high risk of high fruitless search. Private
investment is expected once the development phase has
successfully produced results and a positive outcome
Project Co-ordination system
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UNDP: Leadership of Geothermal
Donor Coordination
Government of Comoros (GoC)
Exploration Steering Committee
Chair: GoC
Members: Bureau de Géologie, DGME, DGEF, MaMwe, UNDP, MFAT,
NZ, TechnicalAssistance ((NZAT), UA
Project Implementation Unit
Bureau de Géologie :
•Technical & Admin
Staff
•Site access
•In-country resources
Geophysics
specialists
(NZ TA)
Project Manager (NZ TA)
•Procurement
•Management of TA
•Quality assurance
•Reporting
Geoscience
specialists
(NZ TA)
UNDP support:
•Coordination
•Administration
•Logistics
Support staff
(NZ TA)
Implementation
funding from
third parties will
pass through
UNDP.
Goal - Geothermal Power Development
• Martinique Plan of Action (MAP) – SIDS
Lighthouse Initiative – to include Comoros
• Developing geothermal energy in SIDS like
Comoros aim at general sustainable
development and also at economic, social
and ecological specific issues
• Without a stable source of power, no
development
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Marhaba
Mengui –
Merci