Transcript low-carbon technology in poland background and perspective

LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGY
IN POLAND
BACKGROUND AND PERSPECTIVE
Zbigniew Kamieński
(independent expert)
Andrzej Kassenberg
(Institute for Sustainable Development)
The Second REC-Japan Seminar on Low Carbon Technologies
At the Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)
October 11–12 2016, Szentendre, Hungary
Where Poland is today?
● Poland is on the way to fulfil development gap
with western Europe;
● GDP is 69% of EU average but in 1990 it was 33%;
● Structure of Polish economy has changed;
agriculture ↓ , industry ↓ , service ↑
● Middle income trap is the challenge;
GDP per capita in Poland, relative to the U.S.
90%
80%
70%
Middle income trap
60%
Modernization scenario
50%
Limited development scenario
40%
30%
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2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Where Poland is today?
● Emission of GHG decrease 35% between 1988–2014
but in the road transport increase two times;
● Political and business elites see EU climate policy
as a risk for economy.
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GHG emissions 2050
by independent think-tanks
Source:
2050.pl. The Journey to the Low-emission Future. Edited by M. Bukowski. Warsaw Institute for
Economic Studies, Institute for Sustainable Development, European Climate Foundation. Warsaw 2013
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Approach to GHG emission reduction
by former government document
● Low-emission transformation is an opportunity for
growth – not a burden for the economy;
● Not ecological, but economic programme;
● Identification of all activities with potential
in terms of low-emission economy –
only cost effective activities included;
● New areas (earlier neglected) with high economic
potential were identified;
● 44% GHG reduction in 2050 compared to the 1990
level.
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Low carbon economy elements
in current government draft strategy document
● Electromobility programme;
● Eco-Construction programme;
● Diversify energy generation sources
with local energy independence;
● Appreciating the opportunities for development of
local energy distribution, development of microinstallations using renewable energy sources;
● Co-generation of electricity and heat;
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Low carbon economy elements
in current government draft strategy document
● Reduce material and energy intensity of industry;
● Reduce transport needs specially in the cities;
● Supporting ecological transport,
including public transport in cities and railways;
● Proposals emphasizing the need to strengthen local
markets, such as food markets including organic
farming and processes.
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Dilemmas faced by Poland
● How to speed up low-carbon transformation in Poland?
● Coal based energy sector vs. renewable one; What kind
of energy mix need to be in the middle of the XXI
century?
● Energy efficiency targets are not ambitious enough,
how could it be? What can be done to take advantage
of this opportunity?
● Traditional mobility vs. sustainable one. How to
strengthen the pro-ecological transport solutions?
● How eco-innovation could play a more important role
in the future development?
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Opportunity for low-carbon technology
– energy sector
● Big opportunity (?) for energy from wind farms
(including offshore) and photovoltaic with energy storage;
● Make communities and districts self-sufficient in terms of
energy supply with important role of prosumers
(RES and energy efficiency);
● Power produced in highly-efficient cogeneration;
● Limiting the losses in power transmission
and distribution networks;
● Development of smart grids and smart metering;
● Natural gas as a transition fuel from coal-based
generation to renewable energy sources.
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Opportunity for low-carbon technology
– transport
● Develop inter-modal transport
by constructing modern terminals;
● Preparation of attractive offering of rail freight services;
● Improving passenger services in rail
including integration with other transport modes;
● Pushing individual car transport out of the cities
and replacing it with public transport,
bicycles – eco-mobility chains;
● Electro-mobility – Polish electric vehicles,
including buses for city public transport;
● Use CNG on a large scale as vehicle fuel;
● Strengthening local markets, particularly, food markets.
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Opportunity for low-carbon technology
– construction sector and buildings
● 30–35% energy can be saved as total;
● 72% of individual houses almost un-insulated;
● 69% houses heated by coal-fired boilers
(very low standard, very bad quality coal)
– new regulation soon will be in place;
● Make the standards even stricter
– minimum 25 kWh/m2 per year;
● Public houses still is opportunity for improvement;
● Greater development of local markets
– materials and energy efficiency services.
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Opportunity for low-carbon technology
– industry
● 7% of GDP is generated in energy-intensive
industries, including steel industry, cement,
paper and chemical industries – modern ones;
● Low-carbon transformation will take place
by increasing its role in the global supply chain;
● Improvement of management – LCA, carbon
footprint;
● Promoting new business models conducive
to the development of circular economy.
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Opportunity for low-carbon technology
– agriculture
● Introducing more effective methods of
protecting agricultural land;
● Supporting proper management of agricultural soil;
● Increasing the role of agricultural advisory services;
● Introduction of agri-climatic programmes for
farmers;
● Rural areas as a producer of renewable fuel
and renewable energy;
● Supporting organic farming and local food markets.
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Opportunity for low-carbon technology
– forestry
● Forests and forest-based raw materials
for green economy or bio-economy;
● Wood is an excellent construction material for
furniture and other products – natural CO2
sequestration;
● Wood and wood waste can be used for energy
generation only on a local scale;
● Forest as a CO2 sequestration solution.
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Thank you for your attention!
Andrzej Kassenberg
(Institute for Sustainable
Development)
[email protected]
Zbigniew Kamieński
(Independent expert)
[email protected]
www.ine-isd.org.pl
www.chronmyklimat.pl
Nabielaka St. 15 suite 1
00-743 Warsaw, Poland
Phone (48-22) 8510402
Fax. (48-22) 8510400
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