Transcript Slide 1

Dalibor HATIĆ
Low-carbon cities:
Investments in the transition process
Dalibor Hatić, Managing director  Geonatura group Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, 10 020 Zagreb, Croatia
 ([email protected])  +385 91 236 3285
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
All life forms on earth are carbon based. We are carbon
based organisms too!
But… there are many of us and the world population is
still growing.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Numbers
- 50% of world population lives in cities.
- Small and medium cities in developing countries are
growing fastest.
- By 2050, two thirds of world population — 6.2 billion
people — may live urban lives.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Numbers
- 1 bln. of people lives presently in slums.
- 100 mil. people are homeless.
- By 2040 3 bln. of people (40% of the present
population) would be needing home.
The cities are going to GROW!
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Hence, we need to take action
…. and we are doing that.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CO2 emissions
47% Buildings
33% Transportation
19% Industry
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Definitions
Eco-cities
Low-carbon
cities
Cities built on the principle of living within environmental limits. Many eco-cities aim to
eliminate all carbon emissions, produce energy entirely from renewable sources and
generally to incorporate ‘green’ principles into city design. Cities with slightly less
stringent aims may be described as ‘green’ cities.
Cities focused on reducing their carbon footprint and keeping emissions as
low as possible.
(Net) Zero-energy
cities
Cities focused on producing the energy they need in a given year, resulting in
net-zero energy use. Zero-energy cities have three main characteristics:
incorporating maximum energy efficiency into the design of the entire city,
generating energy on-site, and purchasing renewable energy produced off-site to
meet any remaining energy needs.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Defining city size by population
Megacities: 10 million or more
Large Cities: 5 to 10 million
Medium Cities: 1 to 5 million
Small Cities: 500,000 to 1 million
Adapted from the UN’s World Urbanization Prospects [1]
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Interactive world map showing cities of different sizes and the proportion of
population classified as urban. Source: United Nations World Urbanization
Prospects.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
The world's fastest growing cities plotted by region. Source: United Nations
World Urbanization Prospects
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Issues and challenges faced by growing urbanization
-
Poverty
Food
Transport
Solid waste
Water and sanitation
Health
Climate change
Disaster risk
Housing
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Concepts and solutions (terms)
- Bus Rapid Transit (BRT); Closed-looped systems;
Eco-cities; ‘Green’ cities; Integrative design; Lowcarbon cities; Resilient cities; ‘Smart’ cities;
Sustainable development; (Net) Zero-energy cities
- … and many others!
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Croatia – Low emissions energy strategy (LEDS)
Existing strategies in Croatia that are either directly or in-directly related to mitigating
climate change.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Croatia – Low emissions energy strategy (LEDS)
Implementation timeline: four defined periods
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Croatia – Low emissions energy strategy (LEDS)
Towards the vision: Identified main measures > focus on Energy
- Increase in energy efficiency.
- Increase of Renewable energy sources in Energy
mix.
- Further use of fossil fuels in energy production with
CO2 caption and storage.
- Building of energy storage facilities (i.e. RHPP).
- Building and development of distributed energy
grids („Smart grids“).
- Use of biofuels and electricity in transport and
traffic.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
On the sideline: Energy
Global energy mix today:
- Fossil fuels 82 % - same as it was 25 years ago
despite growing investments in renewables
- Solar energy only 3% of global el. Energy
-
-
-
80% reduction of CO2 by 2020 to decrease the risk of
irreversible changes to the climate.
To reach „red line“ of 20 C global temperature increase we
need only to emit new 565 gigatones of carbon into
atmosphere.
Global energy corporations presently „control“ reserves of
2795 gigatones worth 20.000 bln. $US!!!
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Croatia – Low emissions energy strategy (LEDS)
Towards the low-carbon development vision: Identified priority measures
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Croatia – Low emissions energy strategy (LEDS)
Towards the low-carbon development vision: Identified priority measures
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
Towards the low-carbon development vision
- The goal in essence is to establish zero balance
between the emissions and imissions of GHG in
order to avoid climate changes.
- Measures and actions have its reach and zero
balance is for now very distant goal!
- Hence, direct carbon emissions offsetting concept
was developed during the Kyoto period.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 1. Building by natural materials: Wood
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 1. Building by natural materials: Wood
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 1. Building by natural materials: Wood
The ratio:
- Concrete emits: 1,215 tones
- Wood sequesters: 3,150 tones
------------- Net difference: 4,360 tones
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 1. Building by natural materials: Wood
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 2. Passive house building
EPBD EU Directive on energy characteristics of
buildings (2010/31/EU, EPBD)
nZEB = nearly Zero Energy Building
= energetically highly efficient building that
uses renewable energy resources
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 2. Passive house building
INPUT: CEPH EU project
2008-2011
OUTPUT: SEEDpass project
South East Europe strategic partnership in vocational
education and training in Passivhaus design for nearly zero
energy buildings development.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 2. Passive house building
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 3. Direct carbon emissions offsetting
- Global importance and impact
- Two principal markets: compulsory (ETS) and
voluntary (non-ETS)
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 3. Direct carbon emissions offsetting
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 3. Direct carbon emissions offsetting
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 3. Direct carbon emissions offsetting
In Croatia compulsory market is still not functioning
yet but voluntary market is due to activities of one
company only: CO2cut Ltd.
Low-carbon cities: Investments in the transition process
CASE 4. „Climate proofing” of projects in Cohesion
funding in the Operational Program for the2014-2020
period
New for everybody in EU!
“It means that in the Feasability Study and
Application it should be elaborated and explained
how climate change related risks and adaptation
considerations have been taken into account.”
THANK YOU!
Dalibor Hatić, Managing director  Geonatura group Ltd., Trg senjskih uskoka 1-2, 10 020 Zagreb, Croatia
 ([email protected])  +385 91 236 3285