Transcript Foreign policy environment of Hungary

General Presentation of Hungary
Gergely Schuchtár
Consul
Embassy of Hungary
Structure
I. Geopolitical position of the
country
II. History of Hungary
III. Culture of Hungary
IV.Practical advices for the travel
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Geopolitical position
Area: 93.030 km2
Population: 9,9 m (2014 e.)
Additional 4,5 m outside
Central and Eastern Europe
7 neighbors
Climate: continental
Budapest: 1.8 m
No sea, no high mountains
(highest peak: 1014 m asl)
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Economy
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2014. IV.Q. GDP growth 3,4% (EU average: 1,3%)
2014. III.Q. Export growth 7,9% / Import by 11%
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Volume of industrial production in 2014 7,6% higher than in 2013
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2014 SUM Ex: 84,5 billion EUR / Im: 78,0 billion EUR (6,5 billion EUR surplus)
Car industry
Alimentary
Beverage
Tobacco
Growing investments in private sector 11,8% (2014. IIIQ)
Construction industry lower 2,2% (2014. dec.)
Unemployment rate 7,7% (2014 Y.)
– Average wages (850 EUR)
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Public Debt (end of 2014): GDP 77,3%
Government (spending) financing needs (in 2014): GDP 2,2%
GDP/C. (PPP): 21.239 USD
GDP/C (nom.): 14.703 USD(IMF)
GDP:€ 96.968 billion (2012/EU)
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Natural resources
• Not much
– bauxite, coal, natural gas, arable land
– fertile soils
• 47.24% of total land
• (GMO free land / protected since 2006 and by constitution
XX. Art.)
– Rivers: Danube and Tisza (international waterways)
• Danube river from Germany to Black Sea EU’s longest 2860
km
• Tisza river from the Ukraine to Black Sea: 965 km
– Lake Balaton
– Thermal water
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Natural resources
in need
• The primary energy demand in 2010 is based on:
– Gas: 40.6%
– Oil: 32.1%
– Nuclear: 15.2%
– Coal: 10.5%
– 53% of overall energy from abroad
– 78% of natural gas imported
• Out of this 80% from Russia through the Ukraine
– 82% of crude oil from Russia through the Ukraine
– Nuclear energy: Paks 1982 CCCP (40% of overall
electricity) 4R (2034) + 2
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Geopolitical location
• Landlocked
• Strategic location in terms of land routes
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Geopolitics II.
• Many IO’s (OECD, OSCE, UNsys, CoE, etc.)
– NATO (1999)
– EU (2004)
• Regional initiatives:
– Visegrad Group (V4) since 1991
– V4+ (An honest desire to intensify mutual cooperation and
friendship among the four Central European states)
– CEI since 1989 (18 MS)
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History of Hungary
– 896: Honfoglalás
– 1000: Foundation of the state by the King Stephen
– 1241-42: Invasion of the Tatars/Mongols
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History of Hungary II
• 1458-1490: King Mathias Corvinus (Kralj Matjaž)
• 1541: Turkish invasion (Country split into three parts)
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History of Hungary III
• XVII, XVIII: Fights for independence (Habsburg,
Turkish)
• 1848: Hungarian revolution
• 1867: Dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
• 1914-1918: WW I
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History of Hungary IV
• Treaty of Trianon (1920)
• WW II (Holocaust)
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History of Hungary V
• 1945-1989 Soviet invasion, communist
dictatorship
• 1956: Revolution
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Government and Politics
• Hungary is a parliamentary representative
democratic republic
• Democratic election since 1990.
• National assembly (unicameral).
• Head of State: János Áder
• Head of Government: Viktor Orbán
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Challenges
• Sustainable economic development
• Aging population
– Economic migration to W-EU (doctors, scientists,
researchers, artists, etc.)
– Brain Drain to USA still strong
• Our region is still not competitive enough
– Too export sensitive economy – Market diversification
– Too dependent on out of EU energy sources
• (No Energy Union, No single energy market YET)
– Geopolitical instability – diverging interests
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Priorities (Geo.)
• Neighbors (i.e. Slovenia)
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Focus to achieve excellent relations (accept)
No more “0” Sum Game – Win-Win
SME (Core of our growing economies, 500 Km)
Support of HU minorities abroad
• Regional policy
– Common interests and goals (CSEE) / V4, CEI
– Coordination of policies to be represented in IOs.
• Euro-Atlantic orientation
– National interests represented in EU and NATO
• Strong and united Europe (economic crisis management, prevalence of communitybased method of decision making)
• Strengthening of transatlantic cooperation
• Global opening
– Reopen towards the “forgotten” part of the world
– Increased role in shaping the global agenda in order to meet better global
challenges.
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Priorities (Sectors)
• Security policy
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International terrorism
International cyber terrorism
Transnational organized crime
Illegal migration related threats
• Energy Security
– Natural gas / oil supplies for growing economies
– Renewable energy resources and technologies
• Promotion of collective rights of national minorities
– Language, culture, education, wellbeing at home
• Agriculture / food safety / sustainable development /
respecting cultural diversity
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HU FP and Diplomacy
• Public service
– Strengthen security in an international context
– Enhance international visibility of the community (as
country and nation)
– Secure external resources for well-being
– Broaden opportunities for external education and
cultural contacts
Last but not least
– Ensuring access to consular protection for citizens
• 100 missions with over 1800 foreign service officers
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Culture of Hungary
• Music: Ferenc Liszt, Béla Bartók, Zoltán Kodály
• Sciences: Nobel laureates Albert Szent-Györgyi
(C-vitamin).
• Sport: Summer olympics success, main sports:
Football, handball, water polo, fencing,
handball.
• Spa culture
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Visit of Hungary
• Places: Budapest
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Visit of Hungary
• Places: Puszta, Lake Balaton, other cities
• Castles:
http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C
3%A1rak_list%C3%A1ja
http://visit-hungary.com/things-to-do/top-15-castles
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Visit of Hungary
• Coin of Hungary: Forint ( 1 €=300 HUF)
• Must taste: Wine (Tokaj, Eger, Szekszárd,
Balaton), Gulyás leves (Goulash soup), Somlói
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine
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Thank you for your attention!
Q&A
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