Progress in Environmental Policy Reform in EECCA
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Transcript Progress in Environmental Policy Reform in EECCA
Progress in Environmental Policy
Reform in EECCA
Introductory Remarks
Multi-stakeholder meeting
Brussels
13-14 March 2007
Brendan Gillespie
Head, EAP TF Secretariat
OECD
1
Progress Mixed
200 positive examples; 12 countries; 15
policy areas
No acceleration of progress since Kiev;
some regression
Long time required for convergence with
CEE
Challenge is to scale-up, broaden and
deepen environmental reform, and
establish a stronger set of incentives for
environmental improvement
2
Weak Drivers
Weak market incentives for efficiency;
affordability an important concern
Weak public and political demand for
stricter environmental requirements
Weak international drivers:
– Trade and investment
– Lower donor support compared to CEE and
SEE
3
Economic Context
Per capita income:
– 4 countries > USD 3,000 (RF, Kaz, Tur, Bel)
– 4 more > USD 1,000
– 4 countries < USD 1,000
7 countries qualify for IDA
40% of population in poverty, particularly
in rural areas; 70% in Tajikistan
7% average growth 2003-06, but have
not recovered 1989 income levels yet;
GDP less than half 1989 levels in
Georgia and Moldova
4
Growing Diversity
Income
Access to resources
Size
Environmental challenges
Politics
Yet: all EECCA countries inherited the
Soviet administrative tradition
So: what is the scope for treating
environmental policy reform at national,
sub-regional and EECCA-wide levels?
5
Environmental ministries and
agencies
General challenge of public sector reform
Systemic challenges in environmental institutions
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Leadership and strategic objectives
“permanent revolution”
Process not results-orientation
Weak link of information to policy
Shortages of strategic skills
Environmental policy tools
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EIA/SEA
Permitting
Standards
Market-based instruments and finance
Compliance assurance
6
Integrating environment into
sectoral policies
Poor understanding of economic benefits
of environmental policies, or costs of
inaction
Weakens the ability to make an economic
case for the environment
And to develop “win-win” strategies
Failure to address the political economy
of environmental reform: issues of
winners and losers
Opportunities for using SEA?
7
Working with stakeholders
Need to transform relations with industry and
provide incentives for better environmental
performance
– Modern, realistic policy instruments
– Shift from revenue-raising to incentives
– Carrots as well as sticks
Representative business associations needed for
dialogue with government
Government cooperation with NGOs
– Should move beyond culture of resistance
– Remove obstacles to NGO activity
NGOs need to establish a stronger financial and
political base
8
Working with donors
Bilateral assistance lower than in 2001;
EC increasingly most important donor
IFI loans have increased since 2003
50% of bilateral and 75% of multilateral
assistance went to RF and KAZ
Questions about aid effectiveness linked
with shift to budget support
Underlines the importance of:
– Integrating environment into national
strategies
– Identifying areas of mutual interest
– Better donor coordination
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