JB APUSH Unit VIIB
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Transcript JB APUSH Unit VIIB
UNITED STATES
DOMESTIC POLICIES
(1945-2000)
Unit VIIB
AP U.S. History
Fundamental Question
Compare and contrast the administrations of
Democratic presidents and Republican
presidents regarding political and
economical policies.
Harry Truman (D) (1945-1953)
Postwar Economic Issues
To avoid unemployment, eliminated price
controls leading to inflation and strikes
Employment Act of 1946
Council of Economic Advisers
Mid-Term Election of 1946
Led to Republican majorities in Congress
“Do Nothing Congress”
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
Prohibited closed shops, political
contributions, sympathy strikes
Presidential Succession Act of 1947
22nd Amendment (1951)
Two-term limits for President
Civil Rights
Committee on Civil Rights (1946)
Executive Order 9981 (1948)
Desegregated the federal government and
military
Democrats
Election of 1948
Harry Truman
Progressive Party
Henry Wallace
States’ Rights Party
(Dixiecrats)
Strom Thurmond
Republicans
Thomas Dewey
Truman’s Fair Deal
A continuation of New Dealstyle social welfare programs
Successful Policies:
Expansion of Social Security
Increased minimum wage 40
cents to 75 cents
Housing Act of 1949
Urban projects and public
housing
Failures:
Prevention by Republican and
Southern Democrat coalition
National healthcare insurance
Limited civil rights legislation
Election of 1952
Republicans
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Richard Nixon as VP
Checkers
speech
Democrats
Adlai Stevenson
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) (1953-1961)
Modern Republicanism
Philosophy of Dynamic Conservatism
Balanced budgets
Federal support for business
Reduce federal powers and influence to states/locals
Progressive republicans
Effects
Major Policies
Increased appropriations to Defense
Automation
Middle Class expansion
Per-capita increases, low inflation, rising GDP
Soil-Bank Program (1956)
Interstate Highway System (1956)
National Defense Education Act (1958)
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1953)
Civil Rights Events
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Rosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)
Little Rock Nine (1957)
Interstate Highway System
Republicans
Election of 1956
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
Democrats
Adlai Stevenson
Television
Became the
dominant medium
Housewife
commercials
Election of 1960
Republicans
Richard Nixon
Democrats
John F. Kennedy
Massachusetts
Catholic
Balanced ticket with
Lyndon Johnson (DTX)
Debates
Radio - Nixon
Television - Kennedy
John F. Kennedy (D) (19611963)
New Frontier
Fiscal conservatism
Expansion of social welfare
Clean Air Act (1963)
Attorney General Robert
Kennedy and Civil Rights
“Ask not what your country
can do for you--ask what you
can do for your country.”
23rd Amendment (1961)
Electoral votes for D.C.
Kennedy’s Assassination
Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963
Warren Commission
Investigations and hearings ruled Lee
Harvey Oswald as lone assassin
Conspiracy theories led to doubt of
federal government
Lyndon B. Johnson assumes office
JFK moments before his
assassination in Dallas
Lee Harvey Oswald shot
by Jack Ruby
LBJ takes oath
of office on Air
Force One
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) (1963-1969)
Great Society
Civil Rights Era
24th Amendment (1964)
Poll taxes unconstitutional
25th Amendment (1967)
Presidential succession
Vietnam
Democrats
Election of 1964
Lyndon B.
Johnson
Daisy Ad
Republicans
Barry Goldwater
Criticized welfare
state policies
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) (1963-1969)
Great Society
War on Poverty
Office of Economic Opportunity
Food Stamps
Community Action
Job Corps
Civil Rights Legislation
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Immigration
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle
Safety Act
Housing
Education
Elementary and Secondary
Education Act
Head Start
Health Care
Medicare
Health services for elderly
Medicaid
Health services for low-income
families
Environmental Protection
Cultural Promotion
National Historic Preservation
National Endowment for the Arts
AND the Humanities
Public broadcasting (PBS) and
public radio (NPR)
Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD)
Safety belts, redesigns for
protection, drunk drivers
Wilderness Act
Endangered Species Act
Immigration Act of 1965
Department of Transportation
Consumer Protection
Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
Fiscal Policies
$10 Billion Tax Cuts
Consumer spending rose 45%
Democrats
Election of 1968
Lyndon Johnson
rescinded nomination
due to Vietnam
Robert Kennedy
assassination
National Convention
Riots in Chicago
Hubert Humphrey
Republicans
Richard Nixon
Silent Majority
Peace and Honor
Law and Order
American
Independent
George Wallace
Richard Nixon (R) (1969-1974)
Political Policy
Southern Strategy
Appeal to conservative Solid South
Busing and Desegregation
New Federalism/Competitive Federalism
Revenue sharing and block grants
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
War on Drugs
Economy
1973 Oil Crisis and Stagflation
“I am now a Keynesian in economics.”
Spending cuts to deficit spending
90-day price and wage controls
Devalued dollar off gold standard
Conservation
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Clean Air Act of 1970
26th Amendment (1971)
Right to vote at 18 years old
Republicans
Election of 1972
Richard Nixon
Democrats
George
McGovern
Watergate
Committee to Re-Elect the
President (CREEP)
G. Gordon Liddy
Break-In at Democratic National
Headquarters at Watergate Hotel
(June 1972)
Bob Woodward and Carl
Bernstein - Washington Post
Deepthroat - Mark Felt
Saturday Night Massacre
(October 20, 1973)
Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox
“I’m not a crook.”
Nixon Tapes
United States v. Nixon (1974)
Resignation (August 9, 1974)
In lieu of impeachment articles
Gerald Ford (R) (1974-1977)
Assumed office after Nixon’s
resignation
Pardons Nixon to end
“national nightmare”
Economy
Stagflation
WIN (Whip Inflation
Now)
Inflation
soared despite call
for voluntarism by
businesses and consumers
Necessitated stimulus plan
from Congressional
Democrats
Election of 1976
Republicans
Gerald Ford
Ronald
Reagan had
threatened
nomination
Democrats
Jimmy Carter
Washington
outsider
Georgia
governor
Jimmy Carter (D) (1977-1981)
Vietnam
Amnesty to Vietnam draft dodgers
Economy
1979 Energy Crisis
Iranian Revolution
Three Mile Island (1979)
Stagflation continued
“Malaise Speech”
Dependency on oil and nonrenewable fuels will affect the future
Federal Reserve Chairman Paul
Volcker
Raised interest rates to highest
levels
Resulted in higher inflation and
lower GDP in the short-run
In the long-run, the economy
recovered but after Carter’s
administration
Conservative Resurgence
Reaction to counterculture and
liberalism of 1960s and 1970s
Personalities
Demographics
William F. Buckley
Barry Goldwater
Milton Friedman
Ronald Reagan
Blue-collar workers
Yuppies and Corporates
Fundamentalists
Rural, suburbs/commuter towns
Southern Democrats shifted Republican
Midwest more solidly Republican
Moral Majority and
Televangelists
Jerry Falwell
Election of 1980
Democrats
Jimmy Carter
Republicans
Ronald Reagan
Campaign
Debate
“There
you go
again.”
“Are you better
now than you
were four years
ago?”
Ronald Reagan (R) (1981-1989)
Reagan
Revolution
“Reaganomics” - Supply-Side Economics
Tax Cuts
Economic Recovery Tax Act (1981)
Tax Reform Act of 1986
Spending cuts on domestic and social welfare
programs
Massive military expenditures
Deregulation - New Federalism
Limited regulation of businesses
Opened up federal conservation lands for
resources and development
PATCO Strike (1981)
Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
Election of 1984
Republicans
Ronald Reagan
Democrats
Walter Mondale
Nominated
Geraldine
Ferraro as VP
Rainbow
Coalition
Campaign
Morning in
America
Reagan’s Impact
The Economy Under Reaganomics
Tripled national debt
$900 billion to $2.7 trillion
Trade deficits and debtor status
Inflation
12.5%(1980) to 4.4% (1988)
Unemployment
7.5% (1980) to 5.4% (1988)
Socioeconomic gap widened
Welfare programs cut
Black Monday (Oct. 19, 1987)
Stock prices fell 508 points - largest in history
Savings and Loan Crisis
Conservative Supreme Court Nominations
Sandra Day O’Connor - first female Justice
Antonin Scalia
Anthony Kennedy
War on Drugs
Just Say No - Nancy Reagan
Election of 1988
Democrats
Michael Dukakis
Republicans
George H.W.
Bush
Campaign
“Read my lips. No
new taxes.”
Dukakis in the
Tank
Willie Horton ad
George H.W. Bush (R) (1989-1993)
American with Disabilities
Act (1990)
Recession (1990-1991)
Savings and Loan Crisis
27th Amendment (1992)
Persian Gulf War (1991)
Highest popularity due to
swift victory
Election of 1992
Democrats
Bill Clinton
Republicans
George H.W. Bush
Reform Party
H. Ross Perot
Bill Clinton (D) (1993-2001)
North Atlantic Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA)
(1994)
Republican Revolution
(1994)
Contract with America
Newt Gingrich
Welfare Reform Act (1996)
Lewinski Scandal
Impeachment
Election of 1996
Democrats
Bill Clinton
Republicans
Bob Dole
Reform Party
H. Ross Perot
Election of 2000
Democrats
Al Gore
Republicans
George W. Bush
Green Party
Ralph Nader
Bush v. Gore
(2000)