Transcript Comparing Traditional and E-Learning

UNESCO Club of Rome
Conference
“ITC For Capacity Building”
Paris, 11 de Mayo 2005
E-Mexico:Building on Success for
Success
Arq. José Morales, Director ©
CORPORATIVO UNIVERSITARIO
Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara
1
The Mexican Economy
2
Mexico: Recent Economic Statistics
1998
1999
2000
Real GDP (% Growth)
4.8
3.7
6.9
GDP per capita ($)
3848
4440
5008
Inflation Rate (%)
15.9
16.6
9.5
Unemployment (%)
3.2
2.5
3.0
Current Account Balance (% GDP)
-3.6
-2.9
-3.3
Overall Trade Balance (Million $)
-7913.5
-5583.7
-8049.9
Foreign Reserves (Billion $)
30.2
30.6
33.6
External Debt (Billion $)
160
164
166
3
Mexico: Economic Growth
Source: OECD (2003) Economic Survey:Mexico
4
México: Socio Economic
Conditions
Poverty and extreme poverty affect more than 50%
of the population, especially in rural areas and the
suburbs of large cities. There is a high rate of
infant mortality (31‰ 1995-2000), the adult
illiteracy rate is 9% and 27.8% of Mexicans do not
complete primary school education. Almost 75% of
the people live in urban areas and 47% live in
overcrowded conditions. 17% of houses lack
drinking water, 14% do not have concrete floors,
22% do not have proper sanitation systems and
5% have no electrical energy.
5
Mexico: ITC Industry
Source: OECD (2004) Information Technology Outlook
6
Mexico: ITC Industry
Source: OECD (2004) Information Technology Outlook
7
Mexico: Growth in Mobile Phones
Source: OECD (2003) Communications Outlook
8
Mexico: Growth in home computers
Source: OECD (2004) Information Technology Outlook
9
Mexico: Growth in internet access
Source: OECD (2004) Information Technology Outlook
10
Mexico: Growth in Web sites
Source: OECD (2004) Science Technology and Industry Scoreboard
11
BACKGROUNDS - POSSIBILITIES - DRIVERS
NEW IDEA OF KNOWLEDGE AND
VIEWS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
INTERNATIONALIZATION
AND GLOBAL
MEGATRENDS
KNOWLEDGE
ECONOMY
GOVERNMENTS
VISIONS
VIRTUAL CAMPUS
SOCIOECONOMIC
AGENDA
GROWTH IN ICT
USAGE
STRATEGIES
ICT SECTOR
CHANGES IN
WORKING LIFE
NEW POSSIBILITIES OFFERED
BY NEW TECHNOLOGY
BUSINESSES
NEW POSSIBILITIES OFFERED
BY NEW ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS
12
e-Mexico: Objetivo y Contenidos
OBJETIVO: Generar alternativas de valor a traves de un sistema
tecnologico con contenido social, que ofrezca las herramientas y
oportunidades que hoy es posible alcanzar por medio de las Tecnologias de
Informacion y las Comunicaciones para mejorar la calidad de vida de los
mexicanos.
CONTENIDOS
 e-Aprendizaje - Acceso a la educacion y capacitacion, estimular el
aprendizaje como medio de desarrollo integral, respetando identidad y
entorno cultural
 e-Salud - Elevar el nivel de bienestar y de la salud de la sociedad,
informacion integral de salud al alcance de toda la poblacion
 e-Economia - Acelerar el proceso de desarrollo de la economia digital en
las empresas micro, pequenas y medianas; incrementar competitividad,
desarrollar la cultura de digitalizacion de la sociedad
 e-Gobierno - Informacion y acceso a todos los servicios que ofrece el
Estado, garantizar a toda la poblacion el acceso a informacion, uso y
aprovechamiento de servicios publicos
13
DEMAND VS RESOURCES = THE CHALLENGE
ACT DIFFERENTLY
DEMAND (and Competition)
-QUALITATIVE
-QUANTITATIVE
CHALLENGE
RESOURCES
-human
-material
-economical
OPEN
AND
FLEXIBLE
LEARNING
CHANGE
AND
TRANSFORMATION
VIRTUAL CAMPUS
14
Comparing Traditional and E-Learning
COST
PER STUDENT
E-learning
E-learning costs
are higher initially,
than face to face
teaching but
generate
economies of
scale
NUMBER OF
STUDENTS
15
Comparing Traditional and E-Learning
QUALITY OF LEARNING
EXPERIENCE
E-learning
NUMBER OF
STUDENTS
The quality of the
learning
experience falls
for face to face
teaching, as
student numbers
rise. With elearning the
quality is always
constant.
16
Features of the National Distance Education System



Telesecundaria - More than 12,000 schools totaling
approximately 800,000 students and 23,000 teachers.
Educational Network - a computerised system of information
and communication based on the Internet for the Mexico.s
student community there are 4,000 units installed in more
than 1,000 educational units
Edusat - Educational Satellite Television Network - is a
closed-circuit system based on the most advanced digital
technology. Its 6 television and 24 audio channels broadcast
all over Mexico, and it reaches over 10,000 schools with a
total of 20,000 receivers.
17
Development of E-Learning
PEDAGOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
OPEN & FLEXIBLE LEARNING
DISTANCE
EDUCATION
-DT
-DL
C
E
E-LEARNING
E-Learning has
arisen from the
experience and
expertise of the
previous generations
of Continuing
Education, Distance
Teaching and Open
Learning
TECHNOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENT
18
TRENDS IN EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION
TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS
ROLE OF THE
STUDENTS
 1900s
 1930s
OBJECT OF
TEACHING
 1970s
 1983
 1985
 1989
 1989
 1990s
1992
 1992
 1992
 2000
 2000+

SUBJECT OF
LEARNING
MODELS OF
ORGANIZATION
PRINT BASED MATERIALS
RADIO BROADCASTING
VERTICAL
TELEVISION BROADCASTING
AUDIO AND VIDEO RECORDING HIERARCHY
AUDIOCONFERENCING
AUDIOGRAPHICS
COMPUTER MEDIATED
CONFERENING
VIDEOCONFERENCING,
INTERNET, SATELLITE
CABLE-TV
MULTIMEDIA
HORIZONTAL
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
MATRIX
E-LEARNING
AND NETWORK
M-LEARNING?
19
New Learning Environment – On Campus
Intensely Supportive
Learning Environment
Live
Lecture
Face to Face
Seminar
Lecture via WWW/
videotape/CD Rom
Learning
Resource Centre
Intranet
Internet/ WWW
20
New Learning Environment – Off Campus
Intensely Supportive
Learning
Environment
Seminar via Computer
Mediated Technology/
Video Conference
Lecture via WWW/
videotape/CD Rom
Internet/ WWW
Learning
Resource Centre
21
SHIFTS IN KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS
FROM:
WELL-STRUCTURED
COMPARTMENTALISATION
TO:
FLEXIBLE
MULTIPERSPECTIVES
(cg. LOWYCK 1994)
SHIFTS IN LEARNING and TEACHING
FROM:
CLOSED, STABLE,
FIXED
TO:
OPEN
SELF REGULATING
CHANGING
VIRTUAL
CAMPUS
SHIFTS IN TECHNOLOGY
FROM:
ONE WAY
ISOLATED MEDIA
FIXED LOCATION
INDIVIDUAL
TO:
INTERACTION
A-LINEAR
INTEGRATION
NETWORKING
SHIFTS IN ORGANISATIONS
FROM:
HIERARCHIAL
TO:
NETWORKS
EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
22
E-LEARNING GENERATIONS
SYSTEM
 1960s COMPUTER
BASED
TRAINING
 1970s INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS
 1980s MICRO WORLDS
 1990s COMPUTER SUPPORTED LEARNING
AND MULTI-MEDIA
 2004 VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
MULTIPLE MEDIA AND
BLENDED LEARNING
PARADIGM
INSTRUCTIONALIST
INSTRUCTIONALIST
CONSTRUCTIONALIST
COLLABORATIVE
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
OF KNOWLEDGE
23
Shift from teaching to learning
MODEL 1
I TEACH WHAT I KNOW
I AM “THE SAGE
ON THE STAGE”
TEACHER-CENTERED
Maintenance Learning
“Just in Case” Knowledge
MODEL 2
I DEVELOP MINDS
I AM “THE GUIDE
AT YOUR SIDE”
LEARNER-CENTERED
Dynamic Learning
“Just for me” Knowledge
24
Convergence of Universities and Knowledge Firms
THE DEMANDS OF THE INFORMATION AGE AND THE KNOWLEDGE
BASED ECONOMY HAVE MOVED MULTI NATIONAL COMPANIES
AND UNIVERSITIES CLOSER TOGETHER
Knowledge Based Multinationals
Universities
Focus of operations
From local to global
Local, regional, national
Competitive context
New market players
Declining state funding
Competitive focus
Price and performance
Cost and performance
Competitive
response
Increased demand via product
innovation
Adaptive, by anticipating
change
Focus change
From inward to outward
From general excellence to
core research business
Use of Networks to
gain advantage
Networks via production chains
and knowledge providers
Networks with universities
and knowledge companies
25
Benchmarking ICT Capacity: Success Factors
FINLAND
MEXCIO
ICT Manufacturing Base
Very Strong
Growing
Telecommunications
Industry
Competitive,
Deregulated
Privatised, becoming
open
Use of ICT
Mature, pervasive
Growing
Directive National Policy
Strong, Mature,
Embedded
Emerging
Tradition of Open and
Distance Learning
Strong
Strong
Use of Technology in
Learning
Wide spread
Growing
26