Transcript Review of 2004 Lessons Learnt

ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
The United Nations Economic
Commission
for Latin America and the
Caribbean (UNECLAC)
Review of 2004
Lessons Learned
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
The ECLAC
Methodology
The cycle
The procedure
The assessment
Its uses
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
The ECLAC Methodology
The post-disaster cycle
ECLAC evaluation
Emergency
Rehabilitation
and recovery
Reconstruction
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
The ECLAC Methodology
The procedure
Part I
Description
Part II
Assessment
What is it and
where?
How much?
Whom has it
affected?
What is required
What has been
done?
Magnitude?
Part III
Rehabilitation and
reconstruction
What needs to be
done?
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
The ECLAC Methodology
The assessment
Part 1
Social and productive sectors, infrastructure and environment
Assets and Stocks
Damages
At the time
of the
disaster
Lost
Income
Higher
costs
Losses
Following the
disaster
1 to 5 years
Part 2
Macroeconomic effects
GDP
Fiscal
Accounts
Secondary effects Balance of
payments
Employmen
t
Prices
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
THREE BASIC AND RECURRING CONCEPTS
Damages
+
Losses
=
Impact
Secondary Effects
Disaster affects assets (direct damages),
the flow of goods and services (indirect losses)
and the performance of main macro economic aggregates
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
MACRO ECONOMIC EFFECTS
9
8
7
%
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1998
1999
2000
Years
2001
2002
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Cayman Islands: Impact of Ivan on GDP
4
Percentages
3
2
1
0
-1
1999
2000
2001
2002
-2
Years
2003
2004
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Rate of growth in states affected by Ivan
10
8
Grenada
Percentages
6
Jamaica
4
2
0
-2
1999
2000
2001
2002
-4
2003
Cayman Islands
-6
Years
2004
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Sectoral Impacts
Agriculture
Tourism
Infrastructure
Commerce
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Social Impacts
Loss of housing
Loss of livelihoods
Health Sector
Education
Shelters
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Factors impacting on damages and losses
Location of human settlements
and economic activities in hazard
zones
Inappropriate construction
techniques
Environmental deterioration
aggravates damages
Lack of risk planning in
development
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Factors impacting on damages and losses
cont’d
Hurricane preparedness reduces impact. Low
probability of event does not equate with zero
probability. Government weaknesses
exacerbate impacts
Shelters and EOC’s not always properly
designed
The higher the level of economic development
the higher the economic damages
Unless carefully managed, economic and
social structures suffer fracture or complete
breakdown
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Factors impacting on damages and losses
cont’d
Poverty major contributor to
impacts, short term survival needs
will take precedence over probability
of natural disasters
Impacts of disasters will have a
negative impact on achieving MDG’s
The higher the rate of insurance the
higher the resilience of the country
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Lessons learned and recommendations
Risk reduction and the transfer of risk should be part of the
planning process
Comprehensive disaster management policy including
promotion of economic instruments and risk reduction
strategies, hazard mapping, and storage of emergency
supplies
Institutional strengthening that promotes risk management
Building codes and land use should be revisited and enforced
Rapid needs assessments and socio-economic assessments
are complementary to mobilize resources for the emergency
and reconstruction.
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Lessons learned and recommendations
cont’d
Strategy for intra-regional cooperation should go beyond
the phase that reacts to an event to make provision for
preventative action, risk reduction, mitigation and
management and risk transfer actions.
A partnership between UNDP, ECLAC, World Bank and
IDB with regional organizations such as the CDB, OECS,
ACS and CARICOM and governments to pursue issues of
management and transfer of risk should be developed.
ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Lessons learned and recommendations
cont’d
Establish small grant, soft loan facilities and community
micro financing facilities with particular focus on
vulnerable groups such as small farmers, traders and
women headed households
Establish mechanisms to cope with post disaster stress
Improve resilience of schools, health centres and other
critical infrastructure