Transcript CRCT REVIEW

CRCT REVIEW
OPEC
Organizational Petroleum Exporting
Countries
GDP
THE VALUE OF ALL GOODS AND
SERVICES PRODUCED WITHIN A
NATION A GIVEN YEAR.
SPECIALIZATION
THOSE PRODUCTS A COUNTRY MAKES
BEST AND THAT ARE IN DEMAND ON
THE WORLD MARKET.
ETHNIC GROUP
A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE
CULTURAL IDEAS AND BELIEFS THAT
HAVE BEEN PART OF THEIR
COMMUNITY FOR GENERATIONS.
RELIGIOUS GROUP
A GROUP WITH A BELIEF SYSTEM IN A
GOD OR GODS, WITH SPECIFIC SET
OF RITUALS AND LITERATURE.
LITERACY RATE
THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO CAN
READ OR WRITE IN A GIVEN AREA OR
REGION.
ECONOMY
THE WEALTH AND RESOURCE OF A
NATION.
TRADITIONAL
AN ECONOMY IN WHICH MOST OF THE
ECONOMIC DECISIONS THAT ARE
MADE ARE BASED ON CUSTOM AND
ON THE HABIT OF HOW SUCH
DECISIONS WERE MADE IN THE PAST.
THIS INCLUDES: BARTERING AND
SUBSISTENCE FARMING.
COMMAND
AN ECONOMY IN WHICH A
GOVERNMENT PLANNING GROUP
MAKES MOST OF THE BASIC
ECONOMIC DECISIONS FOR THE
WORKERS INCLUDING WHAT TYPE OF
WORK AND HOW MUCH TO PAY.
MARKET
AN ECONOMY IN WHICH A SOCIETY’S
ECONOMIC DECISIONS ARE MADE BY
INDIVIDUALS WHO DECIDE WHAT TO
PRODUCE AND WHAT TO BUY. THIS
INCLUDES ENTREPRENEURS.
MIXED
THIS ECONOMIC SYSTEM IS A
COMBINATION OF PURE COMMAND
AND PURE MARKET.
GOVERNMENT
PEOPLE WHO MAKE AND ENFORCE THE
LAWS.
EMBARGO
A TRADE BARRIER IN WHICH ONE
COUNTRY ANNOUNCES THAT IT WILL
NO LONGER TRADE WITH ANOTHER
COUNTRY IN ORDER TO ISOLATE AND
CAUSE PROBLEMS WITH THAT
COUNTRY’S ECNOMY: A BAN.
MANDATE
A GOVERNMENT IMPOSED
RESTRICTION.
TARIFF
A TAX PLACED ON GOODS WHEN THEY
ARE BROUGHT INTO ONE COUNTRY
FROM ANOTHER.
QUOTA
A WAY OF LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF
FOREIGN GOODS THAT CAN COME
INTO A COUNTRY.
RESOURCE TYPES
CAPITAL
HUMAN
NATURAL
SCARICITY
A RESOURCE THAT IS LOW; WHEN
SOMETHING IS LIMITED.
TRADE BARRIERS
ANYTHING THAT SLOWS DOWN OR
PREVENTS ONE COUNTRY FROM
EXCHANGING GOODS WITH ANOTHER.
RELIGIONS OF S.W. ASIA
JUDAISM
CHRISTIANITY
ISLAM
RELIGIONS OF S.E. ASIA
ISLAM
HINDUISM
BUDDHISM
SHINTOISM
CONFUCIANISM
CULTURES OF AFRICA
BANTU
ARAB
ASHANTI
SWAHILI
IMPERIALISM
A SYSTEM OF ACQUIRING COLONIES TO
PROVIDE RAW MATERIALS FOR A
STRONGER COUNTRY.
ASSIMILATION
GIVING UP ONE’S OWN CUSTOMS AND
ADOPTING THOSE OF ANOTHER
CULTURE.
INDIRECT RULE
WHEN THE BRITISH APPOINTED LOCAL
CHIEFS TO BE THEIR ENFORCERS, TO
COLLECT TAXES, RUN THE
BUSINESSES THE BRITISH WANTED
AND TO PUT DOWN ANY TROUBLE
THAT BEGAN TO EMERGE.
APARTHEID
THE LEGAL SEPARATION OF THE
RACES.
NELSON MANDELA
THE FIRST SOUTH AFRICAN BLACK
PRESIDENT WHO HELPED TO END
APARTHEID AND LEADER OF THE
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS.
MAO ZEDONG
YOUNG TEACHER WHO FORMED THE
FIRST CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY
AND ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
CULTURAL REVOLUTION, RED
GUARDS, RED ARMY AND THE GREAT
LEAP FORWARD.
GHANDI
INDIA’S CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER WHOSE
METHOD OF PROTEST WAS ‘NONVIOLENT’.
GREAT LEAP FORWARD
A NAME GIVEN TO CHINA’S ATTEMPT IN
1950’S TO REORGANIZE ITS
ECONOMY.
CULTURAL REVOLUTION
A NAME GIVEN TO CHINA’S ATTEMPT IN
THE 1960’S TO IMPROVE ITS ECONMY
BY REORGANIZING ITS FAMRS,
BUSINESSES, AND MOST OF SOCEITY.
RED GUARD
THE NAME OF THE NEW ARMY OF
YOUNG PEOPLE MAO ZEDONG USED
TO ENFORCE HIS POLICES IN THE
1960’S.
TIANAMEN SQUARE
A LARGE PLAZA IN CENTRAL BEIJING,
CHINA; NOTED, THE SITE OF MAJOR
STUDENT DEMONSRATIONS IN 1989
SUPPRESSED BY THE GOVERNMENT.
F.W. DE KLERK
SOUTH AFRICA’S 1990 WHITE
PRESIDENT AND HE IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR RELEASING NELSON MANDELA
FROM PRISON AFTER A 27 YEAR
SENTENCE. HE ALSO REPEALED
APARTIED.
PAN AFRICAN MOVEMENT
THE DESIRE FOR THE PEOPLE OF
AFRICAN DESCENT, NO MATTER
WHERE THEY LIVED IN THE WORLD,
TO THINK OF AFRICA AS A HOMELAND.
NATINONALISM
THE LOYALITY TO A GROUP WITH WHOM
ONE SHARES A COMMON HISTORY,
CULTURE, AND/OR RELIGION.
TALIBAN
RADICAL MUSLIM GOVERNMENT OF
AFGHANISTAN.
SHINTOSISM
THE EARLIEST RELIGION IN JAPAN
WHICH MEANS “WAY OF GODS”; ALSO
BELIEF IN GARDENS OF NATURE;
HAVE SHRINES TO WORSHIP.
ISLAM
THE RELIGIOUS FAITH OF MUSLIMS,
BASED ON THE WORDS AND
RELIGIOUS SYSTEM FOUNDED BY THE
PROPHET MUHAMMAD; FOLLOWERS
OF THE FIVE PILLARS.
HINDUISM
THE WORSHIP OF MANY GODS THAT
ARE PART OF A SUPREME SPIRIT
NAME BRAHMAN; GANDHI WAS A
FOLLWER; CAN BE FOUND MOSTLY IN
INDIA; BELIEF IN KARMA AND
REINCARNATION.
BUDDHISM
A BELIEF THAT PEOPLE COULD FIND
PEACE IF THEY COULD REJECT
GREED AND DESIRE; BELIEF IN
PEACE; REINCARNATION.
CONFUCIANISM
THE RELIGIOUS FAITH OF MUSLIMS,
BASED ON THE WORDS AND
RELIGIOUS SYSTEM FOUNDED BY THE
PROPHET MUHAMMAD; RELIGIOUS
TEXT IS THE QURAN.
CHRISTIANITY
THE BELIEF THAT JESUS CHRIST IS THE
SON OF GOD; THEIR RELIGIOUS TEXT
IS THE BIBLE.
JUDAISM
A RELIGIOUS GROUP OF JEWS WHO
BELIEVE IN GOD; THE TORAH IS THEIR
RELIGIOUS TEXT; THEIR LEADER IS
ABRAHAM.
HOLOCAUST
A TIME WHEN OVER SIX MILLION JEWS
WERE KILLED IN CONCENTRATION
CAMPS SET UP BY THE GERMANS.
GREEN REVOLUTION
A NAME GIVEN TO THE TIME PERIOD IN
INDIA WHEN THEY TRIED TO
MODERNIZE THEIR AGRICULTURAL
SYSTEM BY INTRODUCING NEW
TYPES OF SEEDS AND GRAINS AND
FERTILIZER; PESTICIDES WERE MADE
AVAILABLE.
ASHANTI
CENTRAL GHANA IN WESTERN AFRICA;
MIXTURE OF SUPERNATURAL AND
SPIRITIUAL POWERS; NAYAMI GOD;
GOLDEN STOOL.
BANTU
HAS OVER 400 LANGUAGES; BELIEVE IN
MAGIC AND CURSES; LIVE FROM
EQUATOR TO SOUTHERN AFRICA.
ARAB
LIVES IN NORTHERN AFRICA, FOLLOWS
THE WAY OF ISLAM;EDUCATION IS
IMPORTANT.
SWAHILI
A PEOPLE AND CULTURE FOUND ON
THE COAST OF EAST AFRICA (KENYA);
THE ARAB (ISLAM) CULTURE IS A WAY
OF LIFE FOR THIS ETHNIC GROUP.
SUNNI
THE LARGEST DENOMINATION OF
ISLAM. THEY ALSO WANTED THE
COMMUNITY TO SELECT
MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSOR.
SHIA
THE SECOND LARGEST DENOMINATION
OF ISLAM; LIVE IN IRAN; WANTED
MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSOR TO BE
BLOOD RELATION.
VEDAS
ALSO REFERRED TO AS THE BOOK OF
KNOWLEDGE; A BOOK CONTAINING
PRAYERS AND RITUALS OF THE HINDU
RELIGION.
UNITED NATIONS
AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
FORMED AFTER WWII WHOSE AIMS
ARE TO FACILIATE COOPERATION
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND
INTERNALIONAL SECURITY.
ZIONISISM
MOVEMENT THAT ENCOURAGE JEWS
TO RETURN TO PALESTINE, THE
JEWISH HOMELAND, WHICH MANY
JEWS CALL ZION.
DOMINO THEORY
IF ONE COUNTRY FELL TO COMMUNISM,
ALL THE OTHERS NEARBY WOULD
FALL AS WELL.
HO CHI MINH
THIS POPULAR NATIONIST SPENT MANY
YEARS FIGHTING AGAINST THE
FRENCH COLONIALSIM AND WAS
ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
ATTEMPT IN SPREADING COMMUNISM
THROUGHOUT ASIA.
MODERN STATE OF ISRAEL 1948
The United Nations (U.N.) helped to create
this place for the Jews; the Palestinian
Arabs living in the area refused to accept
the new state; 1948 war broke out
between the inhabitants of this place and
the Palestinian's other Arabs joined them.
Israeli were able to win and this was
created as a result in 1948.
U.S. PRESENCE IN IN S.W. ASIA
The U.S. main economic interest in this area
was oil; U.N. Intervened in this situation
because the economies of many countries
depend on the oil in this region and Iraq's
actions threatened that supply; the U.S.
threatened to go back in 2003 because of
Saddam Hussein as a threat to peace and
U.S. interest in the region.
PERSIAN GULF/INVASION OF
AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ
The U.S. invaded this area because they
believed the government was offering
safety to al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or Islamic
radical Muslims, who attacked the U.S.
Sept. 11, 2001
U.S. ROLE IN REBUILDING
JAPAN
After this country surrendered, their country
was reduced to ruble. Industries and farms
were destroyed, the government in
shambles, the people demoralized; the
U.S. General Douglas MacArthur was
given the job of rebuilding this country
after WWII; this country can never declare
war or rebuild their military in any major
way.
VIETNAM CONTAINMENT OF
COMMUNISM
The U.S. was trying to stop the spread of
communism by the leader Ho Chi Minh in both of
these countries; one of these countries was
known as Indochina; Ho Chi Minh's political
party was known as the Communist Party;
Minh's goal was independence for this country;
at the Geneva Conference, this country was
temporarily divided until elections could be held;
U.S. left this country in 1975 because it was
clear they wanted control of their own country;
U.S. lost battle and country remained
communist.
KOREA INDEPENDENCE
The Yalta Agreement, which called for each
country to temporarily occupy lands where their
troops were when the war ended, helped play a
role in containing communism in this country;
however, when this Cold War ended, the U.S.
got the south of this country and the Soviet
received control of the north(premier Kim Jong-Il
was the leader; the purpose of this Cold War
was to prevent the spread of communism.
INDIA'S INDEPENDENCE
Feeling of nationalism began to surface in this country;
People became upset because the British colonial
empire were treating them like second-class citizens; two
groups formed during this period the INC and the Muslim
League. The INC acted on behalf of the Hindus, the
Muslim League attracted the followers of Islam; this
country was divided religiously; the Rowlatt Act gave the
British power to send citizens to jail, a massacre
occurred killing 400, almost overnight many united for
complete independence; following the slaughter at
Amritsar, Gandhi urged civil disobedience, in the end,
they won control but they had religious differences as a
result. The followers of Hindu remained the others sent
to Pakistan.
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
*This country became weakened because it was too
huge and leaders could not manage control of the
territory;
*WWI began, European countries became more
powerful
*This country joined forces with Germany and Italy
against European countries
*1920 San Remo Agreement created new boundaries
and now this country is known as the Middle East
*Today's modern country is now Turkey
COLLASPE OF THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
WEAKENED EMPIRE WAS HUGE AND
LEADERS COULDN’T MANGAGE
CONTROL TERRITORY; BRITAIN AND
FRANCE TOOK CONTROL; EMPIRE
PARTIONED…BROKEN INTO MANY
PIECES, NOW MODERN DAY TURKEY.
SAN REMO AGREEMENT
TREATY THAT CREATED NEW
BOUNDARIES FOR THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE; THE EUROPEAN POLITICANS
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS
PARTITIONING.
INCOME
IS THE TOTAL OF A PERSON’S
EARNINGS THAT THEY CAN DECIDE
HOW TO USE.
CREDIT
REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO BORROW
MONEY.
SAVING
ARE AFTER TAX INCOME MINUS
CONSUMPTION SPENDING, THAT IS,
THE MONEY YOU HAVE NOT SPENT
AFTER BUYING WHAT YOU WANT.
BUDGET
IS A SPENDING AND SAVINGS PLAN,
BASED ON ESTIMATED INCOME AND
EXPENSES FOR AN INDIVIDUAL OR AN
ORGANIZATION, COVERING A
SPECIFIC TIME.
INVESTING
WHEN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF MONEY
INTO AN ACCOUNT, STOCK, BONDS,
MUTUAL FUNDS THAT PAYS A RATE
OF RETURN (INTEREST).
FINANCIAL INVESTMENT
REFERS TO THE DECISIONS BY
INVIDUALS TO INVEST MONEY IN
FINANCIAL ASSEST SUCH AS BANK
ACCOUNTS, STOCKS, BONDS, AND
MUTUAL FUNDS.
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
REFERS TO THE DECISIONS BY
BUSINESSES TO PURCHASE
EQUIPMENT AND PHYSICAL PLANTS
AND NEW HOMES BY CONSUMERS.
EIGHTFOLD PATH
THE EIGHT RULES FOR CONDUCT THAT
A PERSON PRACTICING THE
BUDDHIST RELIGION IS TO FOLLOW
DURING HIS OR HER LIFETIME.
DESERTFICATION
THE PROCESS OF LAND BECOMING
LIKE A DESERT, DUE TO
DEFORESTATION AND DROUGHT.
DEFORESTATION
THE DESTRUCTIOON OF TREES AND
OTHER VEGETATION.
GANGES ACTION PLAN
A PLAN BEGUN IN 1985 TO TRY AND
CLEAN UP THE GANGES RIVER.
GREEN REVOLUTION
A NAME G IVEN TO THE TIME PERIOD IN
INDIA I THE 1960’S WHEN T HEY TRIED
TO MODERNIZE THEIR AGRICULTURAL
SYSTEM BY INTRODUCIING NEW
TYPES OF SEEDS AND GRAINS, AND
FERTILIZER AND PESTICIDES WERE
MADE AVAILABLE.
GOLDEN RULE OF BEHAVIOR
A BELIEF FROM THE RELIGION OF
CONFUCIANSIM RELGION THAT “WHAT
YOU DO NOT LIKE WHEN DONE UNTO
YOURSELF, DO NOT UNTO OTHERS.”
OPERATION DESERT STORM
ANOTHER NAME FOR PERSIAN GULF
WAR; A MILITARY FORCE USED TO
LIBERATE KUWAIT FROM THE IRAQI
INVASION IN 1991.
OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM
AN INVASION LED BY THE U.S. IN 2003
TO STOP THE DEVELOPMENT OF
NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN IRAQ.