Transcript Han

nd
2
Welcome to the
Workshop
on Modern Biology and its
Social Impact
Han Jianguo
National Natural Science
Foundation of China
The Importance of the workshop
• Life science provided opportunities to reveal
and understand basic principles governing life,
and great contributions made to socio-economic
development and the improvement of welfare
and health of human being.
• Yet, more concerns on the social impacts,
issues such GMO, biodiversity and bio-ethics
etc.
Researchers’ responsibilities
• Social responsibilities:
– Help society solve problems: health, environment,
technology…
– Use public funds efficiently and responsibly
– Provide useful advice: global warming, energy,
pollution…
• Ethical responsibilities:
– Proper use of human & animal subjects in research
– Honest & accurate in publications & reports
– Disclose & manage or avoid negative impacts of
research
• 1st one was held in the spring of 2006
• Thorough exchange of ideas on some sensitive
issues has deepened the mutual understanding
of research in the field in both countries
• Hope the 2nd one may also achieve similar
effects, provide further instructions for life
science research in the future, and if possible,
lead to concrete cooperation
• Since then, noticeable progress has been made in
China-UK S&T cooperation
• Prof. David King has reassured the key position of
China as one of UK’s major strategic partners in
science
• UK-US collaborative pattern will be introduced to
China
• A 2-year special fund of 5 m pounds for collaboration
with China
• The establishment of RCUK Beijing Office
UK is an important partner of China
• Long history, good tradition and high level in
basic research
• 1% of investment, 6% of output and 10% of
citation
• A big number of Chinese scientists trained in UK
• Both wishes to promote China-UK scientific
cooperation into a new stage of development
I do not believe that in the next stage
of the global economy, success for
one country need mean failure on the
part of the other. Globalization is not
a zero sum game where one country
or continent will only succeed at the
expense of another
-- Gordon Brown MP, 21 Feb 2005
China, an important partner of UK
• China considers UK the priority
• Sino-UK cooperation started early and
extensively
• NSFC signed MoU with 7 UK organizations
• A number of cooperative projects mutually
supported, ranking the 2nd in European
countries
• Good results obtained
China, a future more important partner
Chinese science and technology is taking off
1. Innovation becomes a national strategy.
2. Reforms on S&T structures, funding and
performance.
3. Marked improvement research and education.
4. Internationalization of research system.
China’s Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D & Its
GDP Ratio & the Share of S&T Appropriation in Total
Government Expenditure: 2000~2005
Unit: 100 million RMB
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
GERD
895.7
1042.5 1287.6 1539.6 1966.3 2450
GERD/GDP（%）
0.90
0.95
1.07
1.13
1.23
Government S&T
appropriation
575.6
703.3
816.2
944.6
1095.3 1334.9
Share of S&T in total
government
expenditure（%）
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
Source: MOST: China S&T Statistical Data Book (2006).
2005
1.34
3.9
Investment
• Basic research investment increased from 1.806 billion
yuan in 1995 to 14.8 billion yuan in 2006, (more than 8.2
times or an annual increase of over 20%), higher than
the total R&D investment (16.1%/year).
140
我国自然科学基金与基础研究经费的增长情况
100
80
60
国家财政对自然科
学基金的投入（亿
元）
40
基础研究经费支出
（亿元）
20
0
19
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2099
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
05
金额(亿元)
120
年份
Ranking of Chinese Science: 1999-2006
• Since 1997, Chinese SCI papers have increased at an annual
rate of 19%, reaching 70,805 in 2006, ranking the 4th in the
world.
Percentage of world share of
scientific publications
China France Germ.
Japan Korea UK
US
EU-15
1995
2.05
6.09
7.62
8.65
0.79
8.88
33.54
34.36
1998
2.90
6.48
8.82
9.42
1.41
9.08
31.63
36.85
2001
4.30
6.33
8.68
9.52
2.01
8.90
31.01
36.55
2004
6.52
5.84
8.14
8.84
2.70
8.33
30.48
35.18
USA
39,947
6,553
2
Japan
16,895
2,581
3
Germany
10,170
1,522
4
UK
8,824
1,530
5
Canada
7,093
1,233
6
Australia
5,992
1,091
7
France
5,797
948
8
Singapore
3,652
861
9
Korea
3,523
747
10
Italy
3,480
414
11
Russia
2,187
406
12
India
1,565
324
13
Brazil
918
151
14
Israel
816
156
15
S. Africa
297
67
45000
1978-2005年
40000
2005年
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Kor
ea
Ita
ly
Rus
sia
Ind
ia
Isr
ael
Bra
zil
S A
fri
ca
1
Jointly Published Papers
UK
Can
ada
Aus
tra
lia
Fra
nce
Sin
gap
ore
2005
Jap
an
Ger
man
y
19782005
US
With
Human Resources
• Human resources in basic research has reached
115,000 person/year in 2005 from 77,000 person/year in
2000, which is an increase of 50.3%, ranking 2nd in the
world.
S&T Workforce
C. Enrollment
Postgraduates
Undergraduates
in S, E, M
Postgraduates
in S, E, M
PhD awarded
2.25 m scientists and engineers
1.15 m person/year spent on R&D
15 m
0.82 m
6.508 m
5.02 m
0.235 m (70% science-related)
• NSFC: 60,000-70,000 scientists undertaking NSFC
projects annually
Young Scientists Fund: >10,000 since 1987
Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars: 1,500 since
1994
Creative Research Groups: 118 since 2000
• CAS: Hundred Talent Program 595
• MOE: Yangtze Scholarship (…)
• Ministry of Labor: Bai Qian Wan Program (…)
Aiming High
• ‘By the end of 2020… China will achieve more science
and technological breakthroughs of great world influence,
qualifying it to join the ranks of the world’s most
innovative countries.’
---Chinese President Hu Jintao
January 9, 2006
Main figures
• R&D/GDP reach 2.0% by 2010 and 2.5% by 2020 from
current 1.31%;
• Increase R&D output significantly. S&T contributions to
GDP growth over 60%;
• Indigenous innovation becomes the main supply of
advanced technology;
• A number of world-class universities and research
institutes, high-tech corporations for innovation;
• ...
Chief Measures
• Increasing the input to S&T, especially to basic
research;
• Strengthening the government’s role on macroscopical
decision making and adjusting and controlling;
• Paying great attention on exerting the role of research
groups and research bases;
• Carrying out extensively international cooperation;
• Taking scientific ethics as a high concern.
R&D spending targets in the
Medium to Long-Term Plan
Year
R&D spending
(US$ billions)
% of GDP
2004
24.6
1.23
Central
government
(US$ billions)
8.7
2010
45.0
2.00
18.0
2020
113.0
2.50
not known
Chinese GDP increases at an annual rate of over 9%.
Source: Adapted from ‘China bets big on big science’, Science 311, 17
Mar 2006.
Taking NSFC as an Example
• Established in 1986
• China’s main funding agency for basic research and
talent training
• Using peer review and panel evaluation system to
fund the best proposals.
Autonomy, excellence,
competition and fairness
National Innovative System
Strategic Position：Support basic research, adhere to free
Exploration and play a guiding role
Talents
Talent Projects
Talent Funding Sys.
Innovation
Partnership
Research Projects
Project Funding Sys.
Management
Collaborative Projects
Strategic Partners
Boost basic research in China
and upgrade the S&T self-innovation capability of the nation
45
40
35
30
25
20
NSFC budget has been increased at an annual
rate of over 20% since 1986, reaching 4.3 b
yuan in 2007. The budget for 2006-2010 will be
doubled compared with that from 2001-2005,
reaching 25-30 b yuan.
Annual budget
Unit: 100 million yuan
15
10
5
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
0
Some Illustrative Figures
 Over 80% of the projects included in the National
Major Basic Research Plan;
 Over 80% of the papers published in world top
journals by Chinese scientists;
 100% of the projects awarded National Natural
Science Award in 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2006.
Project and funding of NSFC for
international cooperation（1987－2007）
From 1986 to 2006
Projects funded:
26,172
Total Funding:
801 m yuan
14000
12000
Fund
Project
10000
8000
6000
In 2007
Total Funding:
135 m yuan
4000
2000
0
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Sino-German Center for Research
Promotion (NSFC and DFG)
CMS collaboration in CERN
German Federal President at NSFC
Plant Functional Germone Study by 14
re se arc h groups from Chi na and US.
NSFC
• Played an extremely important role;
• Strongly supported;
• Conducted extensively international
cooperation;
• Enjoys high prestige;
• A successful story and more rapid
development in the future.
As China’s investment in science grows
and its innovation system matures, the
question for China and UK is whether we
need to do more, to scale up the level and
ambition of our collaborative efforts in
ways that can benefit both sides.
What China can offer
• More resources
• Large research manpower
• Competent students
• Improved research quality
• Better infrastructure
• Unique research environment
• Shared expertise
• Open policy
Finally
•
Wish the workshop a complete
success
•
Enjoy the friendliness of Chinese
participants
•
Enjoy the diversity and beauty of
Xishuangbanna
Thank you for
your attention!