Transcript PPT
SEEA as a framework for assessing policy responses to climate change Prepared for the UNCEEA meeting Sjoerd Schenau and Mark de Haan Statistics Netherlands Content • • • • • Climate change and the economy Climate change policy issues and SEEA SEEA applications for mitigation SEEA applications for adaptation Conclusions the DPSIR framework Increased production, transportation Increased demand for energy etc. Greenhouse gas emissions GHG concentrations Climate variables etc. Mitigation Adaptation On agriculture, water supply, health sector etc. Climate change policies issues and SEEA 1. To what extent is human induced climate change actually taking place ? Can SEEA be used ? NO ! 2. What actions need to be taken to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasses ? Can SEEA be used Yes ! 3. What actions need to be taken to deal with the consequences of global warming and minimize the impacts ? Can SEEA be used Yes ! Climate change in Volume III of SEEA • One of the central issues in Volume III • Focus on applications for mitigation and adaptation policies • Examples of answers to direct policy questions SEEA applications for mitigation policies • Understanding the drivers of climate change • Monitoring and analysis energy saving and renewable energy • Monitoring policy instruments for mitigation • Determination and analysis of costs and benefits of mitigation policies Are the production induced GHG emissions decoupling with respect to economic growth ? 160 Index 1990=100 140 120 100 80 60 GDP Greenhouse gasses CO2 CH4 N2O 2008 2005 2000 1995 1990 40 How can the change in GHG emissions over time be explained ? Mton CO 2 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 1990 1995 2000 Emission intensity Energy intensity Economic growth CO2 emissions 2005 Economic structure 2008 What is the national carbon footprint ? Total GHGs CO2 CH4 N2O Mton CO2-equivalenten 1. Emissions attributed to import 227 157 53 18 2. Emissions attributed to export 181 147 12 21 - 47 - 10 - 42 3 4. Net emissions by residents 236 201 17 16 5. Environmental consumption (national carbon footprint) = 4-3 283 212 59 13 3. The environmental balance of trade = 2-1 GHG balance of trade (2007) What is the share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption ? 3,5 % 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 Wind Solar Biomass Other 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 0 Taxes on energy and transport: to what extent does the ‘polluter pay principle’ apply ? 100% 90% 80% 70% Households 60% Other services 50% Transport Manufectering and construction 40% Agriculture 30% 20% 10% 0% Total energy and transport tax Greenhouse gas emissions How much are mitigating activities contributing to economic growth ? mln euro % 3000 0,60 2500 0,50 2000 0,40 1500 0,30 1000 0,20 500 0,10 0 0,00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006* 2007* Value added Percentage of GDP SEEA applications for adaptation policies • Assessing the impacts of climate change • Monitoring and analysis of policy instruments for adaptation • Determination and analysis of costs and benefits of adaptation policies What is the potential economic impact of a sea level rise ? How much does a government spend on climate change adaptation measures ? Expenditures on the maintenance of dikes and seawalls Conclusions • The SEEA, together with the SNA and related satellite accounts, has the potential to bring together in one consistent analytical framework all relevant information with regard to the relationships between the economy and climate change, that can be used for climate change assessment, policy and decision making. • SEEA as an integrated framework is particularly suitable to asses the policy responses to climate change. It provides all the essential information to monitor, understand and analyse the relation between the economy and climate change essential for developing both mitigation and adaptation strategies.