Transcript The Global Competitiveness Index

Qualified Labour Force and VET: Key
Factors for Turkey’s Competitiveness
Sustainable Competitiveness: Supportive Business Environment for
Industry
Istanbul Chamber of Industry – 7th Industry Congress
Arjen Vos
Istanbul, 4 December 2008
Content of presentation
1. Global Competitiveness Indexes
2. EU benchmarks and labour market trends
3. Challenges for Turkish education and training
4. ETF support to Turkey
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I.
Global competitiveness indexes (1)
 International Institute for Management Development
(IMD)
 Analyzes the ability nations to create and maintain an
environment in which enterprises can compete
 55 economies
 Four pillars, 20 sub-sectors, 323 criteria
–
–
–
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Economic Performance
Government Efficiency
Business Efficiency
Infrastructure
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Breakdown of competitiveness (IMD)
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Global competitiveness indexes (2)
 World Economic Forum (WEF)
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
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The rankings are drawn from a combination of publicly
available data and the results of the Executive Opinion
Survey including 11,000 business leaders
125 economies
The Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of
institutions, policies, and factors that set the
sustainable current and medium-term levels of
economic prosperity
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Breakdown of competitiveness (WEF)

Three sub-indexes, nine pillars and 89 indicators
Institutions
Infrastructure
Macro-economy
Health and primary education
Higher education and training
Market efficiency
Technological readiness
Business sophistication
Innovation
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Composition of the three sub-indexes (WEF)
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
• Institutions
• Infrastructure
• Macro-economy
• Health and primary education
EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS
• Higher education and training
• Market efficiency (goods, labour, financial)
• Technological readiness
INNOVATION AND SOPHISTICATION
• Business sophistication
• Innovation
Key for
factor-driven
economies
Key for
efficiency-driven
economies
Key for
innovation-driven
economies
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Income thresholds for stages of development
Stage of Development
Stage 1: Factor-driven
Transition from stage 1 to stage 2
GDP per capita (in US$)
< 2,000
2,000–3,000
Stage 2: Efficiency driven stage
Transition from stage 2 to stage 3
3,000–9,000
9,000–17,000
Stage 3: Innovation-driven stage
> 17,000
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GDP per capita < $2000
GDP per capita $3000
- $9000
GDP per capita >
$17,000
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Turkey’s Competitiveness 2008
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Weighting of sub-indexes (WEF)
Basic
requirements
Efficiency
enhancers
Innovation and
sophistication
factors
Factordriven stage
50%
40%
10%
Efficiencydriven stage
40%
50%
10%
Innovationdriven stage
30%
40%
30%
Weights
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II.
EU benchmarks for education and training
EU
HR
MAC
TURKEY AL
BiH
MO
SR
KO
2006
Early school leavers,
% 18-24 with at most
ISCED 2 & not in E&T
15.3
5.3
32.2
50
% 20-24 having at
least ISCED 3
(medium
qualification)
77.8
94.6
65.4
44.7
Tertiary education
graduates in maths,
science and
technology (in % 2029)
And % females
13.1
5.7
3.6
4
31.2
32.7
Low achieving: %
pupils with low
reading literacy (level
1 or lower)
24.1
21.5
62.6
32.2
% of 25-64 in E&T (in
4 weeks preceding
survey)
9.6
2.1
1.9
2
61.2
11.4
89
4.6
8.3
28.5
70.3
46.7
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Past and likely future trends by sector (EU-25+)
Millions
60
Distribution and transport
50
Non-marketed
services
Business & other
services
40
Manufacturing
30
20
Construction
10
Primary sector & utilities
0
1996
97
98
99
2000
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
Forecast
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Past and likely future sectoral structure (EU-25+)
100%
80%
7.8
26.7
5.6
4.2
23.8
22.4
Primary sector
and utilities
Manufacturing
Services
60%
40%
65.5
70.6
73.4
2006
2015
20%
0%
1996
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Past and likely future occupational structure (EU-25+)
100%
80%
34.9
37.8
40.6
High-skilled nonmanual occupations
60%
26.0
25.1
24.1
Skilled non-manual
occupations
40%
29.9
25.6
22.9
8.6
10.9
11.8
1996
2006
2015
20%
0%
Skilled manual
occupations
Elementary
occupations
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Past and likely future occupational change (EU-25+)
Legislators, senior
officials and managers
3
2.7
3
Professionals
3.8
Technicians and
associate professionals
6
4.7
-1
Clerks
1996-2006
2006-2015
-1.3
Service workers and shop
and market sales workers
4
2.5
Skilled agricultural
and fishery workers
-2
-1.7
Craft and related
trades workers
-2
-1.4
Plant and machine
operators and assemblers
0
0.5
6
Elementary occupations
3.5
18
All occupations
13.3
-5
0
5
million jobs
10
15
20
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Turkey
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III.
Turkey’s Progress in Education & Training
 Improving matching of labour market and strengthening
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labour market institutions, in particular at regional and local
levels
Increasing the involvement of social partners
More investments in education and training
Increased access to education
New content and ways of teaching have been introduced in
basic education
VET reforms have been well developed and disseminated
The Vocational Qualification Authority can sustain reforms
and develop national qualification system
Active participation in EU international mobility programmes
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Turkey’s Challenges in Education & Training
 Create attractive opportunities in higher education in order
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to increase access
Increase the status and attractiveness of VET by focussing
on quality and facilitation the transition to work
Make potential links between schools and business more
productive
Develop lifelong career guidance mechanisms to facilitate
better career choices of students
Promote continuing vocational training within a lifelong
learning strategy framework
Decentralisation needs a thorough analysis and discussion
on added value of the different levels of responsibility
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IV.
The role of ETF in Turkey
 Support to awareness raising about EU discussions and questioning
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its relevance for Turkey
Support to EC in commenting on E&T 2010 reports from Turkey
Support to EC Delegation and ministries in design and
implementation of EU projects related to E&T/HRD
Support to policy learning for implementing VET strategies to MoNE
and other key stakeholders (Decentralisation, NQF, Apprenticeships,
VET Teacher Training, Social partnership)
Support to MYK in drafting an implementation strategy for the
national qualification system
Support to capacity building through ETF peer learning project
And to ask questions, questions and questions………………
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Conclusions
 Economic growth and global competitiveness go hand in hand with
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education and training investments
Demand for higher skilled is likely to increase at faster pace than
medium skilled, but there will be a need for low and medium skilled in
the next decades
Progress in education and training reforms has been achieved in
Turkey, but many challenges remain
Strategies and structures are in place, but quality needs to be
improved
Social partners and companies are committed to education and
training,
BUT
 More public and private investments in education and training are
needed! It will pay off!!
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ETF:
www.etf.europa.eu
Thank you for your
attention !
e-mail : [email protected]
European Commission, DG Education and Culture:
http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/education_culture/index_en.htm
DG Employment
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/employment_strategy/index_en.htm
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