Transcript Agriculture`s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers

Overview of Turkish
Agricultural Sector
PROF. DR. SEDEF AKGÜNGÖR
ECN 3204
Week 2
THE STRUCTURE OF TURKISH
AGRICULTURE
THE STRUCTURE OF
TURKISH AGRICULTURE
Turkey has a total population of 69 million people (2007) and
a continental land area of 783.562 km².
The country has been experiencing solid economic growth in
recent years.
The EU is Turkey's main economic partner:
60% of exports and 43% of imports in 2007.
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
1. Agriculture’s Contribution to Population and Labor
Table 1: Population
Census
Years
Total
Population
Population
in Villages
%
Urban
Population
%
1927
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2009
13685270
16158018
17820950
18790174
20947188
24064753
27754820
31391421
35605176
40347719
44736957
50664458
56473035
62526000
69694000
70571000
10342391
12355376
13474701
14103072
15702851
17137420
18895089
20585604
21914075
23478651
25091950
23798701
23146684
25635660
28574540
21811000
75,8
76,5
75,6
75,1
75,0
71,2
68,1
65,6
61,6
58,2
56,1
47,0
41,0
41,0
41,0
30,9
3305879
3383642
4346249
4687102
5244337
6927343
8859731
10805817
13691101
16869068
19645007
26865757
33326315
36890340
41119460
48760000
24,2
23,5
24,4
24,9
25,0
28,0
31,9
34,4
38,4
41,8
43,9
53,0
59,0
59,0
59,0
69,1
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute
Population
Growth
Rate
2,11
1,96
1,06
2,17
2,78
2,85
2,46
2,52
2,50
2,07
2,49
2,17
1,85
1,41
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
In 2007, agriculture represented 8.7% of GDP and 26.4% of
employment, but these figures are decreasing.
Social and economic development of rural areas is a major
challenge for coming years.
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
1. Agriculture’s Contribution to Population and Labor
Table 2: Sectoral Distribution of Active Population
1965
1970
1980
1985
1990
2008
1955
Agriculture
77,4
71,9
67,3
63,9
59,0
46,5
23,7
Industry
8,1
10,3
12,1
15,5
15,0
15,8
21,0
Services
14,5
17,8
20,6
24,5
26,0
38,1
49,5
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
Turkey is a major world producer and exporter in some
agricultural sectors (e.g. fruit and vegetables).
2. Agriculture’s Contribution to Production
Table 3: Production of Cereals (1000 Ton)
1980
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Wheat
16 500
18 500
18 650
21 000
18 000
21 000
Barley
5 300
8 000
8 200
9 000
7 700
8 000
Corn
1 240
2 000
2 080
2 300
2 297
2 300
Rye
525
245
235
232
233
260
Oat
355
275
280
310
290
314
Rice
143
168
165
189
204
210
Products
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
2. Agriculture’s Contribution to Production
Table 4:Production of Industrial Products (1000 Ton)
1980
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Sugarbeet
6 766
14 543
18 401
22 283
17 102
18 781
Cotton
500
784
832
882
791
880
Tobacco
228
225
286
251
243
208
Opium
14
5
11
28
31
12
Aniseed
25
19
21
25
23
20
Other
50
27
26
29
25
-
1980
1996
1997
15 894
11 886
11 185
11 031
11 054
10 761
100
-25,2
-29,6
-30,6
-30,6
-32,3
Products
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute
Table 5: Number of Cows
1998
1999
2000
YILLAR
Number of Cows
(1000 Adet)
Change (%)
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
3. Agriculture’s Contribution to Nutrition
Table 6: Per Capita Food
Consumption (1992-2000) (kg)
 Meat and dairy product
consumption is lower than
industrialized countries.
 Cereals Basic nutrition
item.
Food
Germany
Italy
Sweden
Turkey
Cereals
68,1
120,8
74,0
208,8
Rice
2,4
5,1
4,7
6,5
Potatoes
73,6
41,1
44,9
59,9
Sugar
34,3
26,9
42,5
27,2
Vegetables
82,5
178,2
89,6
190,3
Wine
23,1
63
41,8
NA
Meat (carcass)
85,6
74,5
67,9
20,7
Dairy products
93,3
63,8
121,2
87,6
Butter
6,8
2,4
6,2
2,1
Eggs
14,2
11,5
11,4
6,2
Oil
NA
NA
14,9
1,8
Source: Eurostat
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
3. Agriculture’s Contribution to Industry
 Source of raw material
 Agribusiness
 Source of employment for the industry both for the input
markets and the output markets (inputs: fertilizer industry,
seed industry, automotive industry (tractors, etc), feed
industry)
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
3. Agriculture’s Contribution to Industry
Table 7: Production of Processed Ag. Products
Unit
1990
2003
% Change
Sugar
ton
1579078
1881237
19,1
Flour
ton
1364844
1916263
40,4
Margarine
ton
483831
570062
17,8
Sunflower Oil
ton
386863
305652
-20,9
Olive Oil
ton
20323
40003
96,8
Rakı
1000 liters
61648
57160
-7,28
Beer
1000 liters
370232
601910
62,5
Cotton Weaving
1000 meters
690065
701426
1,64
Wool weaving
1000 meters
24360
31959
31,19
Cotton thread
ton
337657
580394
71,8
Wool thread
ton
59542
36044
-39,46
Products
Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy:
Some Numbers
3. Agriculture’s Contribution to National Income
Table 8: Sectoral Distribution of GNP
Share of Agriculture
(%)
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
24,2
22,6
22,7
21,6
20,3
19,4
18,8
17,2
18,3
16,6
16,3
16,1
15,8
14,5
15,3
14,4
14
12,7
13,4
13,4
13,1
13,7
13,7
12,6
Share of Industry (%)
20,5
21,5
21,9
22,4
23,1
23,6
25
24,9
25,1
25,9
25,9
26,5
26,5
26,5
26,6
27,7
27,7
28,1
27,6
27,9
27,8
28,5
29,3
29,9
Share of Services (%)
55,4
55,9
55,4
56
56,6
57
56,2
57,9
56,7
57,5
57,9
57,4
57,8
59
58,1
57,9
58,3
59,2
59
58,7
59
57,8
56,9
57,5
European Commission
Agriculture and Rural Development
Turkey’s
Agriculture and Enlargement
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
 Economy and Structures
 About half of Turkey’s total land area is devoted to agriculture,
which is slightly above the EU-27 average (41%).
 This would represent 22% of the EU-27 agricultural area if
Turkey joined EU.
In 2007 roughly 26% of the workforce was employed in
agriculture, and in the same year the sector represented 9% of
GDP.
 According to the 2001 census there are approximately 3 million
agricultural holdings in Turkey and15 million in the EU-27.
 Holdings are smaller than EU average (6 ha, compared to an
EU-25 average of 13 ha).
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
 Economy and Structures
 Subsistence and semi-subsistence farming is an important
characteristic of Turkish agriculture.
 Sectors
 In the arable crops sector Turkey is a major producer. The
production of cereals (not including rice) was 30 million tonnes,
11.4% of the EU-27 in 2007.
 Turkey is a major world producer and net exporter of fruit and
vegetables: 41 million tonnes, 60% of EU-27 production of fruit and
vegetables.
 As regards nuts, Turkey is a major world player and world’s
largest exporter in hazelnuts.
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
 Sectors
 For other crops, Turkey is a competitive producer of certain
grain legumes:





Chickpeas and lentils
Cotton
Some qualities of sugar
Tobacco
Olive oil.
 For animals and animal products, Turkey has a highly protected
market including import restrictions.
Turkish meat consumption per head is about 1/5 of EU average.
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
 EU-27 Agricultural Trade with Turkey
 Turkey is a significant agricultural exporter.
 Turkey’s main trade partners are the EU-27 countries.
 Turkey has a high trade surplus with the EU-27:
1.5 billion euros in 2009.
 Turkey has important trade relations and a trade surplus with
countries in the Mediterranean basin and the Gulf region.
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
 EU-27 Agricultural Trade with Turkey
 Bilateral trade liberalisation in agriculture is asymmetrical.
 EU grants Turkey preferential market access within the Customs
Union, while Turkey grants relatively lower preferences on
agricultural products.
 Turkey maintains an import ban on most live animals
and animal products.
 Roughly 70% of Turkish agricultural exports to the EU
enter duty free.
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
Agricultural Sector - General Overview
End of class,
Have a Nice Weekend.