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Progress from a civil society
perspective: Sbilanciamoci! and the
Italian case of the indicator QUARS
Constructing indicators
of progress/well-being with citizens/communities
Council of Europe Office – Paris
24-25 July 2008
Sbilanciamoci!
 Civil society campaign involving 46 Italian associations,
NGOs and networks
 Working on public policies, globalisation, peace, human
rights, environment, fair trade, ethical finance
 Focus on Italian budgetary policies, arguing for social
and environmental priorities
 Advocacy
 Research activities
 Lobby
 Political and cultural animation
Main targets
 Make public opinion and politicians familiar with
a consolidate idea (raising awareness)
 Foster legitimacy through a bottom-up process
 Turn CSOs knowledge into statistics
 Identify and monitor key variables for
sustainable well-being
Legitimacy: power into authority
 “Legitimacy is a shared expectation among
actors in an arrangement of asymmetric
power, such that the actions of those who rule
are accepted voluntarily by those who are ruled
because the latter are convinced that the actions
of the former conform to pre-established norms.”
(Schmitter P., What is there to legitimize in EU…and how might this be
accomplished?, Jean Monet Working Paper n.6/01, 2001)
Lack of legitimacy
Right to rule and obligation to obey
Rules towards well being and progress
(policy objectives)
No agreement on progress and well being
concepts. Economic growth  GDP
turned to be not enough but are still used
to indicate the direction
Fail to meet policy objectives
Bottom-up process
 A model of progress is needed
 Wide consultation of civil society groups
(validate the vision: legitimacy increases)
 Identification of key variables and indicators
(weights implicit in the model)
QUARS
1.
Environment: environmental impact and good practices
2.
Economy and labour: working condition and income distribution
3.
Rights and citizenship: social inclusion and basic rights
4.
Equal opportunity: women participation to economic and political life +
services
5.
Education and culture: level of education, quality of structures, access
to cultural events
6.
Health: quality and efficiency of the services, general health of population
7.
Participation: citizens' participation to social and political life
Aggregation
 The aggregation method consists of a normalization of
values
 The composite indicator is based on the normalized scores for
each indicator
 Outliers (more robust)
 The indicators are then aggregated to macro-indicators.
The average of the macro-indicators is the final QUARS.
Weaknesses
 scarce availability of non-conventional data e.g. on
democratic participation or a fair economy  gap
between the development model defined by civil society
and the available data
 does not identify distance-to-target  does not permit
to determine a region’s performance in absolute terms,
but only in relation to the other regions taken into
consideration.
 it is not possible to build QUARS time series of a region,
only the rank position of a certain region can be followed
over time
Variables
ENVIROMENT
ECONOMY
RIGHTS AND CITIZENSHIP
Population density
CO2 Emission
Fertilizer
EcoMafia
Recycled waste
Renewable energy
Sustainable
EcoManagement
Biological Agriculture
Sustainable Mobility
Temporary Jobs
Unemployment
Inequalities
Relative Poverty
Housing
Families and services
Social Welfare
Disabled people LM participation
Migrants Integration
School drops
ISTAT
CORINE LAND COVER
ISTAT
LEGAMBIENTE
ISTAT
ISTAT
ISTAT
LEGAMBIENTE
AIAB
SBILANCIAMOCI!
SBILANCIAMOCI!
ISTAT
ISTAT
ISTAT
MINISTERO INTERNI
ISTAT
NUOVO WELFARE
ISTAT
SBILANCIAMOCI!
ISTAT
Variables
HEALTH
EDUCATION AND CULTURE
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
PARTICIPATION
House health care
Cancer screening
Waiting lists
Hospital migrations
Public health system satisfaction
Avoidable mortality
School Infrastructure
High school participation
Education level
Third Education mobility
Public libraries
Theater and music
Consulting rooms
Labor market participation
Presence in politics
Kindergarten
Civil Society
Voluntary association
Ombudsman
Newspaper diffusion
Participation to election
ISTAT
ISTAT
CITTADINANZATTIVA
ISTAT
SBILANCIAMOCI!
ERA
LEGAMBIENTE
ISTAT
MUR
ISTAT
ISTAT
ISTAT
MINISTERO SALUTE
ISTAT
SBILANCIAMOCI!
ISTAT
ISTAT
ISTAT
SBILANCIAMOCI!
AUDIPRESS
MINISTERO INTERNI
Italy according to QUARS08
REGIONE
QUARS
Trentino-Alto Adige
1,57
Emilia-Romagna
1,00
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
0,95
Toscana
0,82
Valle d'Aosta
0,74
Umbria
0,69
Marche
0,65
Lombardia
0,61
Veneto
0,53
Piemonte
0,46
Liguria
0,25
Lazio
0,04
Abruzzo
-0,11
Sardegna
-0,27
Basilicata
-0,78
Molise
-0,80
Calabria
-1,32
Puglia
-1,52
Sicilia
-1,65
Campania
-1,86
Merci beaucoup!