Transcript 山間地の森林面積が９０％から１０％に減少している。

北部の山間地
問題点
• 耕地の欠乏
Scarceness of arable land: Even though this area is large
in land, the arable land is very scarce. Forestlands are
mostly either the land covered by trees on which people
are not entitled to cultivate, or the barren land where the
soil is already too exhausted for crop production. Paddy
rice per capita is very small while the yield is very low.
• 環境悪化：山間地の森林面積が９０％から１０％に減少している。
Environmental degradation: In the first half of the 20th
century, forest covered most of the land in the
mountainous area. Afterward, forest cover drops to less
than 20% in almost provinces in northern mountainous
area. In the North West, the number now is only around
10%. Now, thanks to a lot of efforst by both government
and international supports, the cover rate is 32% in 2002.
北部の山間地
問題点
• 深刻化している貧困。１あたりGDP＝＄１５０
（全国平均＝＄４００）
Poverty: Among other regions, this area is very poor in terms of
GDP per capita. In 2001 average GDP per capita is over
$400USD, the number in the North West is only $150 USD.
• 社会的、文化的、経済的、政治的な周辺化
Social, cultural, economic, and political maginalization: In
recent years, especially after the Doi Moi policy (country shifted
from central planning economy to market one) upland people
have been increasingly marginalized in many aspects of life.
The gaps between urban and rural and between the rich and the
poor are widening. Much effort has been made by government
to lessen the gap, expresses through various policies and
development programs, but anticipated result is still far from
expectation.
北部の山間地
問題点
• 中心的な政治システムへの同化。中心への依存。
Integration into Nonlocal Systems and the Problems of
Dependency
Upland communities have become increasingly integrated
into wider politico-administrative, economic, and cultural
systems. The uplands are now rapidly becoming more
deeply enmeshed in larger economic, social, and cultural
systems in which the locus of authority is not local
結論
Conclusion
国全体の経済改革は、全ての国民の生活向上に貢献していない。
Together with the development process of the country, agricultural
production in the country in general and in northern Vietnam in
particular, has achieved great improvement in recent years. The
achievement is measured by an increase in terms of production output
per capita, GDP per capita and other development indicators. Such
improvement, however, does not necessarily means that all people,
especially those who are living in northern upland of Vietnam, are
benefited from the development. The development process also
includes marginalization and the widening gaps. Such achievement
neither means that there is no need to be done in the year to come.
Comparing to other regions such as Mekong River Delta and South
Central Coast, the northern Vietnam is still far left behind in many
aspects.
Recommendations
•近代農業と環境保全に関する地域学習、職業訓練
Promoting extension services in locality
The government should provide training courses on extension to local
people. The most eagerly needed thing by farmers now is technologies
in agricultural production. The government has to constructs models of
VAC, VARC or SALT and widely disseminates to locality. These
technologies, however, must be local-based one, meaning,
technologies must be socially, traditionally, and ecologically sound in
order to use resources in locality in sustainable way. It is also needed
to encouraging people to make use of geographical/ecological
advantages in their locality.
Recommendations
• 政府からの支援はほぼ低地や都市部に行く。低地～山間地の
間のギャップをなくすために、
「社会資本」を開発していける援助金、人的資源、資源物や唯物
的な支援が政府に提供されるべき。
Reducing the gaps between the upland and lowland
More support is needed from government to lessen the gaps. The
government needs to provide capital assets, which include social,
human, financial, natural, and physical assets to people in order to
held people to better access and better use the resources in the
area.
山間地開発過程を改善するように
Improving the Development Process of Uplands
• No Simple Solutions
「普遍的な処方せんはない」
• Change the Structures of Knowledge
政府の「山間地の市民への知識構造」を変える
• Address Underlying Structures
• Improve Communication and Information Flow
政府～山間部の間のコミュニケーションの流れを改善する
• Diversify the Economy
地域経済を多様化させる
• Rely on Local Management Systems
ローカルな管理システム、ローカルな意思決定
• Foster Adaptive Change In Agricultural Systems
• Improve the Upland Educational System
山間地の市民のために、大学に行けるような教育支援を提供する
Thanks for Your Attention!!!