Transcript Mexico - Oklahoma State University

International Agriculture
AGED 4713
International Panel:
Mexico
Ivette Rubio
Fall 2002
Mexican History
Prehispanic culture:
from 2000 bc
 Tolteca
 Olmeca
 Maya




Aztec
Zapoteca
Mixteca
Totonaca
1500’s Spain
Geographic data
 Area: 1,972,550 sq. Km
 32 States
 1 Federal District
Every State
divided in
“Municipios”
(counties)
Population
98.5 million inhabitants
11th most populated country in the world
Population density: 50 people per sq.kilometer
 Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km
 Population growth rate: 1.6
 74 % Population living in urban areas
 26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions)
Source: www.inegi.gob.mx
Facts about Mexican population
 Official and business language: Spanish
 Several Indigenous languages
 Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie,
Tarahumara, Yaqui
 Diverse Population:
 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish)
 30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian
 10 % full blood Mexican indigenous
 9% white
 1% other
Economy

Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
amounted to 915 billion dollars in 2000
Agriculture
6%
Industries
28%
GDP per capita
$9,100
Services
66%
Grains harvested in 1999
Grain
Area
(Thousands
Ha)
Production
(Thousands
M.Ton)
Yield
Ton/ha
Corn
7,406.0
18,314.4
2.4
Sorghum
1,877.35
6,043.2
3.2
Wheat
657.5
3,049.8
4.2
Beans
1,615
1,080.6
0.64
Barley
243.5
470.7
2.2
Rice
52.3
394.7
4.7
Soybean
122.5
132.8
1.6
Cartamo
96.1
262.7
1.6
Sesame
43.1
31.5
0.6
Total
12,113.35
29,780.4
Source: www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Facts about Mexican Agriculture
 85 % cropping on rainfed land & 15 %
irrigated
Rainfed land:
 30 % good
 53 % fair
 17 % poor
 Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor
 Combine 1/1000 Ag. Labor
Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars
Livestock Production, National consumption
(Import and domestic) and world rank 1999
Commodity
Poultry
Production
Metric tons
World
Rank
Consumption from:
Domestic Imports
1,731,538
4
89
11
255,323
6
99.9
0.1
Eggs
1,634,793
7
99.5
0.5
Beef meat
1,399,629
9
82
18
Milk
(millions of
Liters)
8,877.3
12
85
15
37959
16
N/A
N/A
994,186
19
76
24
30,785
40
42.3
57.7
Honey bee
Goat meat
Pork
Sheep meat
Meat Consumption
52 kg (114.5 lb)
Per capita
Pork
25%
Turkey
3%
Sheep
1%
Goat
1%
Beef
31%
Poultry
39%
The Education System in
Mexico
Some data about Education in Mexico
 1921 66 % literacy
 1995 91 % Literacy
 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary
school
 45 % 16 to 18 yr. people are in upper secondary
 1.4 millions of teachers and professors
 212 thousand education centers (all levels)
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
The structure of Mexican Education
 Preschool ( 3-5 years old)
 Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs)
 Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.)
 Upper Secondary or High school 3 levels (15-17 yr.)
 Technological Upper Secondary or Technical
Professional 3 levels
 Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher
education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old)
 Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D..
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
Enrollment in National Education System
28.5 millions of students
Higher
Education
6%
Up. Secondary
10%
Job Training
3%
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
Basic
81%
International Ag. Trade
Agricultural Trade and NAFTA
 Mexico
• Third largest foreign importer from U.S

After Japan and Canada
• Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to U.S.
• After Canada
 Total US Ag. exports to Mexico :
•
•
•
•
•
10 % meat and meat products
17 % seed
22 % live animals
22 % dairy products
43 % sorghum
Agricultural Trade and NAFTA
 Over a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico:
–
–
–
–
20 % of coffee
36 % live animals
10 % fruit juice
50 % Melons
 U.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag Exports:
–
–
–
–
–
–
95 %
75 %
50 %
98 %
56 %
80 %
Horticultural products
Coffee
Live animals
Beer
Sugar
Tequila
Agricultural Trade 2001
Crops
Livestock
Exports
$3,431,618.00
$453,809.00
Imports
$4,654,994.00
$426,003.00
Balance
-$1,223,376.00
$27,806.00
Source: www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Any Questions ?