Transcript Bangladesh Country Paper Presentation - Sacosan-VI

Country Profile
• Bangladesh emerged as
an independent and
sovereign country in
1971
 Area: 147,570 sq. km
 Population: 153.3 million
(72% rural, 28% urban)
 GDP growth rate: 6.51
 GDP per capita: USD
1,235
 GNI per capita USD 1,314
Institutional framework, legal Instrument
National Level (Policy, Project approval)
Ministry of LGRD&C
PSU
Agency Level (development & implementation)
DPHE
WASAs
LGED
Sanitation
Secretariat
LGI Level (development & implementation)
City Corporations
Pourashavas
Lowest Tier
Union Parishad (Rural) and Ward level (Urban)
Upazila
Parishads
Policy and Planning Framework
• The National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation
1998
 Major guiding document of the WSS sector
• The National Sanitation Strategy, 2005
• National Strategy for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2014
 (Incorporates the Pro-Poor Strategy, HtR Strategy, Hygiene
Promotion Strategy, Cost Sharing Strategy)
•
•
•
•
Sector Development Plan (FY 2011-25)
Medium Term Budget Framework (MTBF) approach
Long‐term Perspective Plan (2010‐21)
Seventh Five‐Year Plan (FY 2016‐20)
Baseline Coverage Status (2003)
• 33% improved
sanitation coverage
• 42% open defecation
• 19.3% people wash
hand with water and
soap after defecation
(source: National baseline survey 2003 and
MICS 2003 report)
Current Status and Driving Forces
• Improved Sanitation: 61%
• Open defecation: 1%
• 40% people wash hand with
water and soap after
defecation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strong leadership of MoLGRD&C
Dissemination of sanitation promotion techniques like CLTS
Local government institutions’ strong role
Government- NGO collaboration at all levels
Long-term assistance from donors/ development partners
Media campaigns
Technological innovations & creative marketing approaches
Easy access to latrine materials and skilled masons
Investment
Made
Social and Technological Advancements
• Bangladesh addresses the sanitation problem
recognizing that
 Changing social, cultural and religious norms are central to
changing the practice
 Emphasis on stopping open defecation, investment in
hygiene promotion and social intermediation and
provision of affordable sanitation options to the poor
• Women’s inclusion in the decision-making process
introduced
• WASH in schools programme targeted promoting good
hygiene and sanitation behavior of school children
• Sanitation loans to the households in rural areas by
NGOs
Good Examples
•
•
•
•
•
•
Building Sanitation Markets
Exclusive budget allocation by LGIs
Women WASH Platform (WWP)
Technical innovation in FSM
Sanitation for HtR areas and people
Adolescent girls as WASH entrepreneurs
Gaps and Challenges: Coverage and Technology
• In the Hard to Reach Areas (HtR), only 35.8% families
have improved sanitation facilities.
• Hygiene issues and total sanitation coverage still
remained as challenges.
• Onsite sanitation facilities with concerns of emptying
and disposal of pit contents.
• In urban areas, septic tanks are poorly designed and
maintained; and lack of proper FSM services is
aggravating the situation
• Adequate funding and efforts around research &
development, documentation and dissemination
remain as challenges for technological advancement.
Gaps and Challenges: Health and Hygiene
• Bangladesh has reduced the child mortality rate by more than half, from
133 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 38 per 1000 in 2015
• The infant mortality (103.5 in 1990 & 31 in 2015) and neonatal mortality
have also declined by around half (54.8 in 1990 & 23 in 2015).
• Challenge is to ensure effective coordination between the two different
ministries (i.e., MLGRD&C and MHFP) for the implementation of primary
health-care services in rural and urban areas
• There is critical shortage of trained health providers with appropriate skillmix in the public sector
• There is a persistent low annual allocation to health sector
Gaps and Challenges: Equity and rights
• WASH investment in geographically difficult
area like char, haor (wetland), coastal belt and
hilly areas is much lower compared to other
areas.
• 71% of WASH budget of annul development
programme went to urban areas and 29% in rural
areas
• There is a gap in ensuring appropriate toilet
technologies for disabled people at affordable
cost
Sanitation beyond MDG
• The SDG for WASH (Goal 6) is in line with our
existing national prioritization processes in
Bangladesh. Example:
 The GoB’s long-term Perspective Plan (2010-21)
attaches a high priority on ensuring access to drinking
water, sanitation and good hygiene practice for all.
 The medium-term and long-term planning of SDP are
in line with SDG targets.
• The sewerage coverage will be increased in urban areas
including innovative offsite sanitation technologies
• The rural areas will see an increase in the use of advanced
sanitation options including use of septic tanks
Sustainability and Overcoming the Barriers
• Bangladesh will continue to strive hard to
maintain the equity and protect the rights of poor,
marginalized and hard to rich community and
thus ensure sustainability.
• Special emphasis will be given to all educational
institutions and health care facilities (primary) to
ensure adequate and improved water, sanitation
and hygiene and monitor the progress.
• Government investment in WASH is expected to
increase in future considering the past trend.
CONCLUSIONS