Transcript I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China

Megalopolis Development and
governance in China
--------------------SHEN Bing
Institute for Spatial Planning & Regional Economy,
National Development & Reform Commission, China
Oct 8-9, Brussels
Contents
I.
II.
Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
Managing
and
megapolitan regions
governing
the
III. Challenges for megalopolis development
and management / governance in China
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
1. Mega-trend of urbanization
• Urbanization level reach to the turning point >30%
--S-shaped curve--explosively take off
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980年
1985年
1990年
1995年
1996年
urbaniztion level
2000年
2005年
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
• Large cities grow faster
The amount of cities in China:
324 in 1985
661 in 2005
the ratio of the cities with urban district
population > 500 thousand to the total cities
16% in 1985
33.4% in 2005
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
• 2. Megalopolis varies in the stages of
evolution
• megalopolis in Lower Yangtze Delta and Pearl
River Delta
relatively mature:
urbanization level > 70%;
closer economic connection: 50% production
raw materials from the megapolitan region in
LYD ;
distribution of the cities is balanced;
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
• 2. Megalopolis varies in the stages of
evolution
Liao Dong Peninsular Megalopolis, Shan Dong
Peninsular Megalopolis, Zhong Yuan
Megalopolis
middle stage of formation:
with a relatively higher town density;
the functional connection begin to intensify;
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
• 2. Megalopolis varies in the stages of
evolution
Megalopolis in the western region, like
Guan-zhong, Chengdu-Chongqing seems
to be a very early stage of development:
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
3. Driving factors for development of
megalopolis
For the Coastal Region, FDI plays an important role:
(in 2005, FDI in LYD and PRD accounts for 60% of national total)
Division systems among large-medium-small sized cities made by the
large international enterprise
agglomeration and
dispersion of urban function
Economic development zones
built-up areas expanding
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
• 3. Driving factors for development of
megalopolis
• For the inner region, the investments from govn’t
play important role
e.g airports and light-weight track construction
was key projects for implementing the western
region development strategy
I. Mega-trend of Urbanization in China
4. The role of the
megalopolis
Beijng-Tian-Hebei,
Lower Yangtze Delta,
and Pearl River Delta:
national principal
economic power
house
megalopolis GDP/national GDP
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
1990年
1995年
Lower Yangtze Delta
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
2000年
2005年
Pearl River Delta
The three megalopolis
II. Managing and governing the megapolitan
regions
1. Direction, policies and actions from
the central government
• in the national 11th five year plan, megalopolis is
regards as the major spatial form of
urbanization in the future 5-10 years.
• starting from 2004, NDRC began to organized
the regional planning the in LYD and BJH
megapolitan regions
II. Managing and governing the megapolitan
regions
• Conducting functional regionalization
Four types of regions based on their
principal functions to be defined. optimal
development areas, key development areas,
restricted development areas, and forbidden
development areas.
megalopolis belongs to the former two
types and concrete policies are being
formulated
.
II. Managing and governing the megapolitan
regions
2. Management / governance in the megapolitan
regions
• Institutional mechanism and arrangement: provincial
chiefs or municipality chiefs coordination mechanism +
regular meeting + standing body
e.g. Annual summit of mayors of 16 cities in LYD;
Leading group for Zhong yuan megalopolis
development in Henan province, with the governor as
the group leader;
II. Managing and governing the megapolitan
regions
• Prompting connection of major
infrastructure ---expressway, road,
communication network, city transportation
banking system, and port construction
e.g. Shanghai and Wuxi unified the city
transportation carding system;
Xian and Xianyang unified the telephone
system;
II. Managing and governing the megapolitan
regions
• Prompting industrial collaboration
--- to realize the advantage complementary
based on the city functions
e.g. Collectively develop tourism market by
the 16 cities in LYD;
Beijing and Tangshan city in HeBei
province collectively build the Steel Production
Base in Caofeidai Port;
III. Challenges for megalopolis development
and management / governance in China
1. Fiscal and taxation system
2. Infrastructure financial/investment
system
3. Population administrative system
4. Planning system
5. Metropolitan region/ megapolitan region
defining problem
Conclusion
• Megalopolis has been developing rapidly
in China
• The importance of megalopolis in Chinese
urban system is further strengthened
• Further development of megalopolis
depends on institutional innovation in such
fields as fiscal/taxation, investment,
population management, and properly
defining
Thank You
2007.10
Institute for Spatial Planning & Regional Economy, National
Development & Reform Commission, China