Transcript CRCT Review - Effingham County Schools

CRCT Review
Southwest Asia Map
Bodies of Water in the Middle East
Resources
• Scarce
• Water
– “not a lot of”
• Abundant
– “a lot of”
• Oil
Oil Production
• How has an abundance of Oil and
Organization of OPEC affected the
economies of SW Asia (Middle East)?
• How have deserts
and rivers affected
population and
where people live?
Ethnic vs. Religious
• Ethnic
• Something you cannot
change
– Persians
– Kurds
– Arabs
• Religious
• Something you choose
to practice
– Islam
– Christianity
– Judaism
Sunni/ Shia Split
Muslims while Muhammad
was Caliph
Shi’a
Believed that the daughter of
Muhammad should be the next caliph
Sunni
Believed that any Muslim could be
the Caliph after Muhammad Died
Literacy Rate and Standard of
Living
• Literacy Rate
– The % of people in a country (15+) who can
read and write
Literacy Rate
Standard
of Living
DISTRIBUTION
OF POWER
UNITARY
Unitary – Where the power is.
Characterized by or constituting a form of government in which
power is held by one central authority.
LAWS ARE MADE IN ONE PLACE WHICH IS THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT (This is the capital of the country).
MOST COUNTRIES ARE UNITARY
CONFEDERATION
Confederations usually come together to
problem solve.
Voluntary association of independent states,
to secure some common purpose, agree to
certain limitations on their freedom of action
and establish some joint machinery of
consultation or deliberation
Example:
OPEC
CONFEDERATE STATES
OF AMERICA
(during civil war)
FEDERAL
Federal - Where the power is.
Characterized by or constituting a form of
government in which power is divided
between in central and several regional
authorities
Laws are made by the central governments and
regional governments.
Example: USA
CITIZENS
PARTICIPATION
IN GOVERNMENT
AUTOCRATIC
Citizens have no or little say
Example: King or Dictator
OLIGARCHIC
Oligarchic (oli-gar-kick) – Who? A select
group.
Government by the few, sometimes in
which a small group exercises control
especially for corrupt and selfish
purposes. The citizen has a very limited
role.
DEMOCRATIC
Democratic –All people are represented in the
government . WHO?
A government in which the supreme
power is vested in the people and
exercised by them directly or indirectly
through a system of representation
usually involving free elections.
FORMS OF DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNMENT
Democratic Government
Parlimantary
Presidential
PARLIAMENTARY
Parliamentary
A system of Government having the real
executive power vested in a cabinet
composed of member of the legislature
who are individually and collectively
responsible to legislature. May have
prime minister elected by the legislature
PRESIDENTIAL
Presidential
A system of government in which the
president is constitutionally independent of
the legislature
Middle Eastern Government
Distribution of
Power
Citizens Role
Theocracy of
Iran
Unitary
Oligarchic
Monarchy of
Saudi Arabia
Unitary
Autocratic
State of Israel
Unitary
Democracy
South & Eastern Asia Governments
The Republic of
India
Distribution of
Power
Citizens Role
Federal
Democracy
Communist State of Unitary
the People’s
Republic of China
Autocratic
The
Constitutional
Monarchy of
Japan
Democracy
Federal
African Governments
Distribution of
Power
Citizens Role
The Republic of
Kenya
Federal
Democracy
The Dictatorship of
the Republic of
Sudan
Unitary
Autocratic
Republic of
South Africa
Federal
Democracy
Economic Questions
• What to produce
• How to produce
• For Whom to produce
Command
When gov’t decides
all three
Free Market
When people decide
all three
Trade
• Specialization of Trade occurs when
countries have different natural, human,
and capital resources and different ways
of combining these resources, they are not
equally efficient at producing the goods
and services that their residents demand.
Trade Restrictions
• Trade Barrier
– government policy or regulation that restricts international trade.
The barriers can take many forms, including the following terms
that include many restrictions in international trade within
multiple countries that import and export any items of trade.
Tariffs
Quotas
Embargos
QUOTAS
• A type of trade barrier that sets a physical
limit on the quantity of a good that can be
imported into a country in a given period of
time.
EMBARGO
• EMBARG----NO
– Restriction of trade with a specified country…
TARIFFS
• A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when
they are moved across a political
boundary. They are usually associated
with protectionism, the economic policy of
restraining trade between nations. For
political reasons, tariffs are usually
imposed on imported goods, although
they may also be imposed on exported
goods.
Human Capital
• Human Capital
– Amount of money a person is capable of
making
Think about it…
• If Sudan wanted to
increase it’s GDP by
increasing Human
Capital what could the
country do????
– Invest money into
_____________ and
_____________.......
Capital
• Capital
– assets available for use in the production of
further assets
Think about it…
• If Sudan wanted to increase it’s GDP by
increasing Capital what could the country
do????
– Invest money into _____________ and
_____________.......
Establishment of Israel
• WWII
– Jews were persecuted during the Holocaust in
Germany
• Anti-Semitism
– Prejudice against or hostility towards Jews
United Nations voted to divide Palestine into
two states, one Jewish and one Arab;
• as accepted by Zionist leaders but rejected by
Arab leaders.
– Creation of Israel has led to continuing religious wars
USA Foreign Involvement
• Persian Gulf War
– Fear of Iraq having too much control over oil
after Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990
• Terrorism
– USA in Afghanistan and Iraq in response to
9/11; attempting establishing democracy
South and East Asian Countries
South and East Asian Bodies of
Water
Landforms of South and East Asia
Religions of South and East Asia
• Buddhism
– Founded in India
– Siddhartha Gautama
– Buddha=enlightened
one
• Hinduism
– Founded in India
– Sacred River is
Ganges
– Most prominent
religion in India
• Shintoism
– Native to Japan
• Confucianism
– Philosophy of
respecting your
elders
Nationalism in South and Eastern
Asia
• India
– Mohandas Gandhi
– Non-Violent Protests
– Boycotted British for independence
• Vietnam
– Ho Chi Minh
– Violent Wars
– Fought French for independence
US Role in Rebuilding Japan after
WWII
• US provided financial aid to help rebuild
Japan’s economy after the dropping of the
A Bombs
Communism in China
• Mao Zedong
– Established the Communist State of
China
– Great Leap Forward
• Resulted in economic hardship, was
meant to keep up with the west
– Cultural Revolution
• Red Guards destroyed all of “old China”
and anything that promoted knowledge
other than that of the “new China”
– Tiananmen Square
• Educated College Students protested
communism and they were brutally put
down, but opened the eyes to those who
followed Mao, that there are successful
economies and governments that allow
for freedom and choice
• Ironically the same place where the
Communist state of China was declared
by Mao Zedong
Reasons for Foreign Involvement
• Vietnam War
– US became involved in attempt contain communism
from spreading.
• Red Scare
– Ultimately the Communist North defeated US and
South Democratic Vietnam
• Korean War
– US became involved in attempt contain communism
from spreading.
• Red Scare
– Ultimately the war was declared a stalemate and
North Korea and South Korea are still 2 separate
countries.
• North Korea -> Communist
• South Korea -> Democratic
African Countries
African Landforms/Regions
African Rivers/Bodies of Water
Desertification and Deforestation
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African Ethnic Groups
• Bantu
– Southern Africa
• Most practice Traditional Religions
• Ashanti
– Western Africa
• Traditional, Christianity, and Islam is practiced
• Swahili
– Eastern Africa
• Islam and Traditional
• Arab
– Northern Africa
• Most practice Islam and Christianity
Effects of Natural Resources in
Africa
• Gold, Uranium, and Diamonds
– South Africa
• Increases trade, mining, and foreign interest
in the Country
• Oil
– Nigeria
• Government has focused attention to oil,
and other sectors of the economy have
suffered
European Imperialism in Africa
• Artificial Boundaries set
up by European
Countries led to…
– civil wars between tribes
in Europe
Nationalism to Independence
• South Africa
– Fully independent from British in 1990 with
abolishment of Apartheid
• Kenya
– Achieved Independence from British through
Violent wars led by the Mau Mau
• Nigeria
– Non-Violently achieved independence from
British through formation of political parties
Apartheid
• Creation of apartheid denied black south
Africans civil rights
• President FW de Klerk
–
–
–
–
Protested apartheid
ended Apartheid in 1990
Released Nelson Mandela from Jail in 1990
Served at Nelson Mandela’s Vice president
• Nelson Mandela
– Imprisoned for protesting apartheid
– Released from prison in 1990
– First democratically elected black president of
South Africa
• Elected in 1994