Transcript Rise of Democratic Ideas

Roots of Democracy
World History
Island Reflection Questions
 If
this were a true experience, what
parts of this activity do you think
would be needed (rules, laws, rights,
etc…)? Why?
 Based
on your above answer, why do
you think all nations/peoples develop
some type of government?
Island Questions
 Give
an example during the activity when a
majority of the class agreed upon a decision.
 What are some advantages and
disadvantages to everybody having a say in
the decision?
 Give an example during the activity when one
person made decisions, or tried to make
decisions, for the entire class.
 What are some advantages and
disadvantages to one person making
decisions?
Two Categories of Government
 Democracy
– Government by the
people / Decisions made by the
people
 Autocracy
- Government by one
person (King / Queen / Emperor /
Pharaoh)
Decision Making
Autocratic or Democratic?
 Teacher
decides there will be a test
on Friday
 Group of Friends decide on which
movie to go to by discussing three
possible movies and voting on which
one they want to see.
 Fast food Manager decides to give
workers a dollar per hour raise
Autocratic or Democratic?
 Parents
listen to daughter complain about
staying out late and decide to let child stay
out 1 hour later.
 Parents allow all 3 children to choose (vote)
what vacation to go on.
 Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to build
a new city hall
 Citizens voted in favor of a city tax measure
to increase funding to schools
Autocratic Advantages
Efficient
Order
Changes
can Happen Quickly
Autocratic Disadvantages
Needs
a Strong Leader
Decisions may not be interest
of everyone
Too much power leads to
corruption
Democratic Advantages
Everyone
has a say
Corruption more difficult
Power too diffuse
Democratic Disadvantages
Messy,
takes time
Sometimes hard to make
difficult decisions
Need an Educated Citizenry
Autocratic forms of
Government
Theocracy
Monarchy
Tyranny
Oligarchy
Aristocracy
Democratic forms of
Government
Direct
Democracy
Republic
Parliamentary System
Constitutional Monarchy
Anarchy
Total
Lack of Government
(State of Nature)
No Rules, No Leaders
Democracy
Rule
by the masses/people
No Leader All Decisions made by
the community
Created in ancient Athens
True Democracies only work in
small groups
Republic
Rule
by People’s
Representative
Created in Ancient Rome
–Senator = Representative
Theocracy
Rule
by Religion
Leader: The Priest or Main
Religious Figure
Examples: Ancient Egypt,
Modern Iran, Vatican City
????????
What
would be some
problems with having
government based on a
single religion?
Monarchy
Rule
by a single leader,
typically claims Divine
Right
Oligarchy
Rule
by a few
individuals
Aristocracy
Rule
by the Wealthy
Athenian Democracy
(Solon, Cliesthenese, and
Pericles)
Athenian Democracy
(Solon, Cleisthenese, and Pericles)
Greek Leader
Solon
Cliesthenese
Pericles
Contribution to Democracy
Solon
 Outlawed
Slavery
 4 Classes based on Wealth not
Heredity
 Only 3 Higher classes were able to
hold public office
 Fairer code of laws
 Despite reforms Athens continued to
be an autocracy
Cleisthenese
 Reorganized
Assembly
 Allowed all citizens to submit laws
for debate and passage
 Created Council of 400
–Advised Assembly
–Seen as Founder of Greek
Democracy
Pericles
 Led
Athens in Golden
Age 461-429 B.C
–Established Direct
Democracy
–Increased number
of public officials
–Poorer citizens were
able to participate
Greek Philosophy

Greek Thinkers
Assumptions
– 1.Universe is orderly
– 2.People can understand
order of universe

Respect for Human
Intelligence and Reason
allowed Democracy to
flourish
Socratic method
Socrates spent most of his time asking
question about ethical issues.
 He had a knack for asking questions
exposing ignorance, hypocrisy, and
conceit among his fellow
Athenians,particularly in regard to moral
questions.
 argued that knowledge was virtue

Aristotle vs. Plato
Plato
Major Works
Beliefs about
Man
Beliefs about
Government
Beliefs about
democracy
Summary of
Primary Source
Aristotle
Plato
“The Republic”
 Rule of Philosopher Kings

– Aristocracy= Rule of the Rich
– Believed in organizing society into classes
– He believed the intellectuals should be in
control of government
Aristotle
“Politics”
 Man is by nature political
 Legitimate Government- common good

– Tyranny?, Democracy?

Constitutional Government
Roman Law
Twelve Tables step toward fair
government
Complied into “Justinian Code”
“government of laws not men”
Judaism
Hebrew’s Monotheism
-Created in God’s image, live moral
lives
- “Divine Spark”
- God Given Rights, Freedom
- 10 Commandments
- Ethical vs. Legal Code
Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth
- emphasized morality equality and
compassion
- spread of Judeo-Christian ideas through
Roman Empire
England’s Medieval Democratic
Developments

Henry II
– Jury System
– Common law

King John
– Magna Carta (Great Charter)
 Contract between King and Nobles
 Governance according to law
 Due Process of Law
 Consent of Governed (Parliament)
England’s Civil War
King James I and Divine Right
 Charles I and the Petition of Right
 1642- Charles tries to Arrest Parliament
 1642-1649 English Civil War

– Royalists/Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
– 1649 Roundhead victory under Oliver
Cromwell’s Leadership
– 1649 Charles I Beheaded
England’s Glorious Revolution
Cromwell first establishes a commonwealth
 Cromwell tears up constitution and becomes
Lord Protectorate

– Puritan Morality

Restoration of the Monarchy = Charles II
– Habeas Corpus
Rule of James II
 William and Mary and the Glorious
Revolution

– Bill of Rights, Cabinet System