Transcript Economy 1791KB 9.11. 2013 02:07:14

Economics
Economics, basic terminology - dictionary
A
analyzovat – analyze
B
bohatství - wealth
D
distribuce – distribution
dodávat - supply
dohoda – agreement
domácí - domestic
dovednost - skill
E
efektivita - efficiency
ekonomika – economy
energie - energy
F
finance – finance
finanční - financial
firma – firm
H
hodnota - value
CH
chudoba - poverty
I
investice - investment
J
jednotka - unit
K
konkurence - competition
kupující – buyer
kvalita – quality
kvantita - quantity
M
management, řízení – management
makroekonomie – macroecononics
mikroekonomie – microeconomics
monopol - monopoly
N
nabídka - offer
náklady - costs
nedostatek – scarcity
nezaměstnanost – unemployment
nezávislost - independency
O
ovlivnit - influence
P
podnikání – business
pojištění - insurance
politika – politics
poplatek - fee
práce - labour
preference - preference
prodávající – seller
produktivita – productivitiy
předpoklad - assuption
příjem – income
přístup - approach
R
racionální – racional
regrese - regression
risk – risk
rodina - family
rovnováha – equilibrium
rozmanitost – variability
rozpočet – budget
růst - growth
S
služby – services
směrnice - regulation
spotřeba – consumption
správa – administration
struktura – structure
suma – sum
Š
šetřit - save
T
trh – market
U
utrácet - spend
V
veřejný sektor – public sector
vláda – government
volný obchod – free market
vstup - input
výběr - choice
výroba – production
výstup – output
vývoj - development
Z
zákon – law
závislost - dependency
zboží – goods
zdroj - resource
DISCUSSION
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What is economy?
What is economics?
What is macroeconomy?
What is microeconomy?
What is economics an important subject of study?
What is the relationship between economy and government?
What does it mean for the people in the state when the economy is growing and
doing well?
What are social institutions? Are they important in economy?
What is a market?
What are some qualities of a product that people look for?
What are services? Can you give any examples?
Which services do you personally use and what do you think about their quality?
What does equilibrium mean?
What is the difference between a street market and a supermarket?
What is a „free market“?
What is a competition? Does the price change regarding the competition?
What is monopol? What are its PROs and CONs?
What are the parts of the price?
What is „suppy“ and „demand“?
Who was Adam Smith?
What do you know about economy vs. Marxists?
Can you compare our economy now and during communism?
How do wars influence world economies?
What is planned economy?
What is the black market?
What is the function of the central bank?
What is the role of import and export in the national economy?
What are bank reserves good for?
What is the difference between the inflation and hyperinflation?
Do you know anything about the history of money?
Why do some countries become poor?
What are the biggest causes for a country to become rich?
What are taxes good for?
What is the welfare system?
How would you define „value“?
What are the most valuable things at the moment? Can you name them and
discuss them?
Use the following words in sentences
ECONOMY
ECONOMICS
ECONOMIST
COUNTRY
GOVERNMENT
LAW
BUDGET
CENTRAL BANK
POOR
RICH
REGULATION
BUY
SELL
SPEND
INTEREST RATE
TAX
QUALITY
QUANTITY
SUM
WEALTH
MONOPOLY
GOODS
Find the right answer
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H __________ R __________
people who produce goods and services
L __________
the work force; education, quality, work ethic, time and
effort devoted to producing goods and services
M _________
any arrangement where buyers and sellers give and get
information and do business
P _________
money made above what something costs to produce
I __________
goods purchased by consumers of a country that are
produced in an other country
C _________
an economic system in which property is privately owned
and goods are privately produced. referred to as the private
enterprise system
Discussion
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Do you think that selling ice-cream in Alaska would be a good idea?
What happens if the price of a product drops by 50%?
What is „2 for the price of 1“. Does it really pay off?
What does it mean when Czech factories don´t sell as many goods as they used
to?
5. How can we promote Czech products abroad?
6. What would happen if the price of wood would double?
7. How does the increase of energy prices influence our lives?
8. Does high unemployment influence the salaries of working people anyhow?
9. What happens when a big factory closes? How does it influence the town and
surroundings?
10. How does the exchange rate of the Czech crown influence the life of Czech people
and businessmen?
Economics – links
1) http://glossary.econguru.com/ - přehled základních ekonomických
termínů
2) http://www.economist.com/economics - ekonomické zprávy ze světa
3) http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics - mezinárodní
ekonomické dění, noviny
4) http://economics.about.com/ - ekonomika dle témat
5) http://www.kathimitchell.com/econ.htm - rozcestník odkazů na
ekonomiku pro děti
6) http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/subjects/economics.htm základní pojmy a aktivity pro děti v rámci ekonomiky
7) http://www.pppst.com/economics.html - aktivity pro děti
8) http://www.moneyinstructor.com/elementary.asp - ekonomika pro
malé děti
9) http://economics.about.com/cs/economicsglossary/g/market.htm -
trh a jeho dělení
10) http://www.economist.com/topics/imports-and-exports - import a
export současné dění
11) http://www.tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/unemploymentrate - informace o české ekonomice, statistiky
12) http://www.businessdictionary.com/ - business slovník
13) http://www.allbusiness.com/glossaries/business/4941806-1.html ekonomické termíny dle abecedy, definice a vysvětlení
Economic systems and ideologies- dictionary
A
agentura – agency
anarchismus – anarchism
B
beztřídní - classless
C
cena – price
centralizace – centralization
D
dohlížet - oversee
E
energie - energy
F
faktor – factor
fašismus – fascism
feudalismus - feudalism
forma - form
I
inflace – inflation
informace - information
instituce – institution
investice - investment
K
kalkulace - calculation
kapitalismus – capitalism
kolonialismus - colonialism
kombinace – combination
komunismus - communism
kontrola - control
koordinace - coordination
M
majetek – property
měna - currency
N
národní – national
nástroj - tool
nedostatek – scarcity
normativní - normative
O
občan - citizen
obchod - trade
P
perspektiva - perpective
plánování – planning
podnik – enterprise
politika volného trhu – laissez-faire
populace – population
potřeba – need
pracovník - worker
právo - right
prostředí – environment
předpoklad – premise
přechodný - transitional
příděl - allocation
příjem - income
R
reforma – reform
regulace – regulation
revoluce - revolution
rovnost – equality
rovnostářský - egalitarian
rozhodnutí – decision
rozpor – contradiction
rozpuštění - dissolution
různý – various
S
sektor – sector
směňovat - barter
smíšený - mixed
soukromý – private
společně - collectively
společnost - society
spotřebitel – consumer
stabilita – stability
T
tradiční - traditional
V
veřejný – public
vlastnictví - ownership
vlastník – owner
volnost – liberty
výskyt - occurence
vývoj - evolution
vyhlídka - prospect
vztah – relationship
Z
zásah - intervention
zužitkování - utilization
Discussion
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What is a political ideology?
What is capitalism?
What are the biggest PROs and CONs of capitalism?
What is anarchism?
Why do some people become fond of anarchism?
What is socialism?
What is the difference between socialism and communism?
Do you know any famous economists?
What was fascism?
What can you say about the Islamic system of economy?
Put these words into the right columns
CENTRAL PLANNING
NO NEED OF CURRENCY
FREE MARKET
STATE OVERSEES PRODUCTION
INVISIBLE HAND
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
COLLECTIVE OWNERSHIP
WORKERS STATE
COLLECTIVIST IDEAS
LABOUR MARKET
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
CAPITALISM
SOCIALISM
COMMUNISM
Can you explain and discuss all the terms mentioned above?
Can you divide them into good, bad and neutral?
Can you name any states where these theories are being applied?
What kind of system do we have in the Czech Republic?
What do you think about these terms? Are they important in your life? Why?
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PERSONAL FREEDOM
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
HAPPINESS
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
HAVING YOUR OWN BUSINESS
HAVING A JOB
FULL SUPERMARKETS
POSSIBILITY TO TRAVEL
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Comparison – Can you compare these states and their economical approaches?
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USA vs. Czech Republic
Germany vs. the Great Britain
Japan vs. China
Russia vs. North Korea
North Korea vs. South Korea
Iraq vs. Finland
Other kinds of theories and ideologies
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What is ecological economy?
What are natural resources and why are people concerned about them?
What is sustainability of resources? Is it an important thing?
What is the role of ethics in matters concerning nature and its protection?
What is the „ Japanese post-war economic miracle“? What happened and why
did it happen?
6. How would you define Neocolonialism?
7. Why do people feel the need to control someone or something?
8. What do you think about the Barter system? Do you think it could really work?
9. There is a new term called „Virtual economy“ which is mostly about the business
that takes place via internet. What do you think about it? What is „virtual
money“?
10. What do all Nordic countries have in common? Is there any economical trait that
they all share?
11. Mercantilism was very popular during the colonial period. Can you explain it?
Do you think it was a good or bad thing? Do you think it could still work today?
Where and how?
12. Have you ever heard of mutualism? It´s a way of anarchistic way of government
and life. Can you comment it anyhow?
Economic system and ideologies- links
1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfoQ4S_QOPQ – ekonomické
systémy – video
2) http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/Economic
_systems.html - druhy ekonomických systémů
3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8ivuSUfTg4 – prezentace
politických systémů
4) http://www.slideshare.net/Geckos/the-four-types-of-economicsystems-presentation - krátká prezentace systémů
5) http://www.dineshbakshi.com/igcse-business-studies/businessactivity/revision-notes/1252-types-of-economic-systems - výhody a
nevýhody jednotlivých systémů
6) http://www.collativelearning.com/economy%20versus%20ideology.
html – ekonomie vs. ideologie
7) http://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2011/04/economic-ideologies/ ekonomické ideologie
8) http://www.auburn.edu/~johnspm/gloss/ideology - ekonomické
ideologie, vysvětlení pojmů
9) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VrhYNnsfb8 – ekonomické
ideologie – video
10) http://www.slideshare.net/eagarciadeparedes/economic-activities ekonomické aktivity - prezentace
World economy – dictionary
A
armáda - army
B
banka - bank
bezdomovec - homeless
Č
černý trh – black market
čisté jmění - equity
D
deprivace – deprivation
dluh – debt
doprava - transport
E
ekologie – ecology
energie - energy
expanze – expansion
F
formovat - emerge
G
geografie - geography
globální – global
H
HDP - GDP
hlad – hunger
hladomor – famine
I
inflace - inflation
J
jídlo - food
K
katastrofa – disaster
komunikace - communication
krize - crisis
koupit – buy, purchase
L
legální - legal
M
majetek - property
měna – currency
možnost - opportunity
N
národní – national
nelegální – illegal
nezaměstnanost - unemployment
P
plyn – gas
počasí - weather
podmínka - condition
povodně – floods
prosperita - prosperity
průmysl - industry
případ – case
přístup – access
půda - soil
R
ropa - oil
rovnost – parity
rozvojový - developing
růst - growth
S
služba - service
směnný kurz – exchange rate
snížit – decrease
spád - momentum
společnost – society
spolupráce - cooperation
standard – standard
sucho – draught
U
úroda – crops
úrodnost - fertility
úroveň - level
V
vláda – government
voják - soldier
výroba – production
vyspělý - developed
výstup – output
vzdělanost - education
Z
základní – basic
zaměstnanost - employment
zastoupení – representation
zdraví - health
zdroje - resources
země – country
znak - sign
zvýšit - increase
Ž
žebrák - beggar
Discussion
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How would you explain the term „world economy“? What does it include?
What makes a country rich? Can you name any factors?
THE LARGEST ECONOMIES
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Look at the flags of the countries below and comment them according to:
their position
system of government
economic stability
natural resources
possible problems in the future
number of people
future plans
membership in the European Union
membership in other organizations
interesting places
distance from other countries
majorities and minorities
their progress during past 50 years
their political, cultural, social and economical background
Discussion
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Which countries are the fastest growing and expanding?
Which countries have a problem with their economy slowing down?
Can you name any poor countries and comment the reason for their poverty?
Where can most poor countries be found?
Choose one poor country and comment it.
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Who is a beggar?
How does a person become one?
What is the deficit? How do countries deal with it and where do they get
money?
What is the difference between the deficit and a debt?
What natural disasters can ruin or damage an economy?
How do people become homeless?
Which countries do you think have a big problem with homelessness?
Which countries are facing famine? Why?
Are there any international organizations trying to help poor countries? How?
What is the „3rd world“?
How would you explain malnutrition? What do the people facing malnutrition
look like?
What is the job situation in poor countries? Can you say something about the
jobs people do, about the salary they get and about benefits – do they get any?
Why yes / not?
How do the people in poor countries feel about their future?
What is deprivation? How would you explain this feeling?
Do the poor people have any chance to change their life situation?
What would happen if all people lived the way Europeans live?
Would there be enough resources?
What is overpopulation? What causes it?
Say something about:
Somalia
Afganistan
Bangladesh
Barma
North Korea
Albania
Romania
Africa in general
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World economy - links
1) http://www.theworldeconomy.org/ - světová ekonomika, vysvětlení
2) http://www.ft.com/globaleconomy - světová ekonomika, zprávy
3) http://www.economist.com/topics/world-economy - zprávy a
novinky ze světa světové ekonomiky
4) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports/global_economy/ ekonomické zprávy region po regionu
5) http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/global-economy - globální
novinky o zemích, obchodu, apod.
6) http://www.clicktop10.com/2013/05/top-10-richest-countries-inthe-world-in-2013/ - 10 nejbohatších zemí světa
7) http://www.aneki.com/richest.html - různé žebříčky zemí vzhledem
k populaci, moci, bohatství, apod.
8) http://www.gfmag.com/component/content/article/119-economicdata/12538-the-richest-countries-in-the-world.html#axzz2aDtqBftk
– země a různé ukazatele jejich prosperity
9) http://www.therichest.com/world/poorest-countries-in-the-world/ 20 nejchudších zemí
10) http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-top-ten/world-top-tenpoorest-countries-map.html - mapa nejchudších zemí
11) http://www.aneki.com/poorest_africa.html - žebříčky chudých zemí
dle různých parametrů
The Czech Republic - dictionary and phrases
A
army - armáda
C
cizinec - foreigner
Č
Čechy – Bohemia
D
daň - tax
demokracie – democracy
doprava - transportation
E
elektrárna - powerplant
export – export
H
hlavní město – capital
hora – mountain
hranice – border
hymna - anthem
I
import - import
integrovat – integrate
investor - investor
J
jaderná elektrárna – nuclear plant
K
keramika - ceramics
kopcovitý - hilly
kotlina – basin
král – king
královna - queen
království – kingdom
krmivo - fodder
kuchyně - cuisine
L
lázně – spa
M
ministerský předseda – Prime Minister
monarchie - monarchy
Morava – Moravia
N
náboženství - religion
nadmořská výška – elevation
nespokojenost - dissatisfaction
O
obyvatel – inhabitant
osvobození - liberation
P
parlament – parliament
pivovar – brewery
plyn – gas
potrubí – pipeline
pověst - reputation
povodně – floods
prezident – president
privatizace - privatization
prosperující – prosperous
průměrný – average
původ – descent, origin
R
reforma - reform
revoluce - revolution
režim – regime
rozpustit - dissolve
Ř
řeka - river
S
sametová revoluce – Velvet revolution
senát - senat
Slezsko – Silesia
sousední země – neighbour country
spolupráce – cooperation
stabilní - stable
stát - state
T
teplota – temperature
tradice - tradition
turismus – tourism
U
ústava - constitution
V
věda - science
vinný sklípek – vineyard
vláda - government
vnitrozemský – landlocked
vrchnol – peak
výroba - production
Z
zákon - law
Ž
železo - iron
železnice - railways
Discussion
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2.
What can you say about the Czech Rebublic?
Can you say something about:
a) the position of the Czech Republic
b) the system of government of the Czech Republic
c) the natural resources of the Czech Republic
d) the import and export of the Czech Republic
e) the prezident of the Czech Republic
f) the system of elections in the Czech Republic
g) the political parties in the Czech Republic
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h) the nature, fauna and flore of the Czech Republic
Are there any minorities in the Czech Republic?
Can you say something about each of them?
What is the birth rate?
Why do you think the birth rate is as low as it is?
Why do people have less and less children?
How would you comment the life standard in the Czech Republic?
Why do you think there are very rich and very poor people in the Czech
Republic?
Why do some people in the Czech Republic become homeless?
What is the employment rate in the Czech Republic?
Why is it difficult for young people to find work?
Why is it difficult for old people to find work?
How much money do you think an average family needs a month to cover all
the expences?
What do you think about the state of Czech hospital and health care?
What do you think about Czech education?
What do you think about salaries of some people? Who do you think is getting
more than he/she should?
What do you think that other countries think about the Czech Republic?
Can you say something about the history of the Czech Republic concerning
Velvet Revolution, Václav Havel, Václav Klaus, communists, history of the
political parties, etc?
What do you think about the future of the Czech Republic?
What kind of government and system would be the best for the Czech
Republic according to your opinion?
Are these statements true or false? Comment them.
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2.
Czechs drink 161 litres of beer per person a year
Prague has one of the oldest universities in Europe, the Charles University,
named after Charles VI who founded it in 1348.
3. There are about 130 people per square kilometer.
4. The Czech Republic has the largest network of signposted footpaths in the
world. As of 2002, more than 38,000 kilometers of paths have been signposted.
5. It is surprising but the word robot is not English one but has its origin
in Bohemia. In 1920, Czech writer Karel Capek used this word for the first time
in his theater play „Bílá nemoc“.
6. More than a million Czech soldiers participated in the in World War I, out of
which approximately 150,000 died.
7. The major rivers of the country are Vltava and Ohře.
8. Czech Republic constitutes of three historical lands, namely, Bohemia in the
west, Moravia in the southeast, and Czech Silesia in the northeast.
9. Czech Founding day is celebrated on the 28th October.
10. Literacy rate is below 80%.
Comment these facts
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2.
In Prague, beer is cheaper than bottled water.
On a clear day you can see the Eiffel Tower in Paris on the horizon from many
parts of Prague!
3. Czech is famous for its crystal fine art, hand-knit shawls, wooden toys, garnets,
handmade tablecloths and puppets, painted eggs, caviar, china, antiques,
peasant frocks, and music.
4. The Czech Republic has the most hospital beds per inhabitant in the EU.
5. Czech Republic is one of the top 10 countries worldwide in terms of the fastest
average internet speed.
6. Czech people have the second highest death rate for cancer in the EU (after
Hungary).
7. About 59% of the population is agnostic, atheist, or non-believer. About 26.8% is
Roman Catholic while 2.5% is Protestant.
8. The unemployment rate is 7,3% (2013).
9. Major trading partners are Germany, Slovakia, Austria, Poland, UK, France, Italy,
Netherlands, China and Russia.
10. Czech Republic became the member of Schengen in 2007.
11. There is very low rate of violent crime, high rate of pickpocketing and car theft in
the Czech Republic.
The Czech Republic - links
1) http://www.czech.cz/en/Home-en - ČR oficiální stránka
2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Czech_Republic turismus ČR
3) http://www.czechtourism.com/ - rozcestník aktivit v ČR
4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Czech_Republic armáda ČR
5) http://www.eupedia.com/czech_republic/trivia.shtml - zajímavosti o
ČR
6) http://www.10-facts-about.com/Czech-Republic/id/883 - 10
nejzajímavějších informací o ČR
7) http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Czech-Republic.html - kultura
ČR
8) http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/globaletiquette/czech.html - informace a statistiky ČR
9) http://www.private-prague-guide.com/czech-republic-famouspeople/ - nejznámější Češi
10) http://www.czech.cz/en/Business/Economic-facts/Main-pillars-ofCzech-industry - průmysl ČR
11) http://www.mapsofworld.com/czech-republic/geography.html zeměpis a mapy ČR
12) http://www.myczechrepublic.com/czech_culture/czech_cuisine.html
- jídlo ČR
European Union - dictionary
A
N
T
advokát - lawyer
nadnárodní - multinational
trh - market
B
nařízení - regulation
Z
bankovka – bank note
návrh - proposal
zájem - interest
bezpečnost - security
nezaměstnanost - unemployment
základní práva – basic rig
blahobyt - welfare
norma - standard
zákon - law
C
O
zaměstnanost - employm
clo - duty
orgán - organ
zastoupení - representati
Č
osoba fyzická - individual
zástupce - representant
člen - member
osoba právnická – legal person
zdravotnictví - healthcare
členská země – member country
P
D
politická příslušnost – political affiliation
daň - tax
politika - politics
demokratická země – democratic country
poslanec – member of parliament
dohoda – deal
pracovní místo – job position
doprava - transport
právo – right
dovoz - import
právní ochrana – legal protection
E
předpis - regulation
ekonomika - economy
předsednictví - presidency
euro - euro
přistoupení - accession
Evropská centrální banka – European Central R
Bank
Rada Evropské unie – Council of the European
Evropská komise – European Commission
Union
Evropský parlament – European Parliament
regionální politika – regional policy
Evropský soudní dvůr – European Court
rozpočet - budget
exekutiva - executive
rozvoj - development
G
rozvojová pomoc – development assistance
generální tajemník – general secretary
S
H
sídlit - reside
hlava státu – head of the state
sjednocení - unification
hospodářství - economy
směrnice - regulation
hrubý národní produkt – gross national product smlouva - contract
CH
sociální politika – social policy
chudý - poor
solidarita - solidarity
I
soudce - judge
instituce - institution
souhlas - agreement
integrace - integration
spolupráce - cooperation
K
spotřebitel - consumer
kandidátská země – candidate country
struktura - structure
kapitál – fund, funds
strukturální fond – structural fund
komisař - commisioner
U
kontrola – control, check
úředník - clerk
kultura - culturre
V
L
většina - majority
legislativa - legislative
volba - election
M
volit – elect, vote
menšina - minority
vyslovení nedůvěry – vote of censure
měnová unie – monetary union
volný pohyb – freedom of movement
měnový institut – Monetary institute
vzdělání - education
ministr - minister
What does this picture symbolize?
What are some functions of this
organization?
Do you know anything about its history and
purpose?
Name some member states and say
something about them and the position
of the Czech Republic.
What is the European Union good for?
Why did the Czech Republic become a
member?
What are some advantages and
disadvantages of being a member of
the EU?
Are we going to have euro? When?
Are you PRO EU or CONTRA?
What can you say about the
relationship between the European
Union and the USA, China, Japan and
other countries.
Do you think it´s OK that people can
travel and work freely within the EU?
What are some institutions of the EU?
What are their functions?
What does a member of the European parliament do all day long?
Do you think it´s a demanding job?
Would you like to be a politician?
What do you think are the best and worst things about being a politician?
Each student chooses one country which is a member of the European Union and
presents it to the others. Speak about:
NAME:
SIZE:
NEIGHBOURS:
CAPITAL:
CURRENCY:
PRESIDENT/KING/QUEEN:
ECONOMY:
INTERESTING PLACES:
NATURAL RESOURCES:
INDUSTRY:
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What is the European Parliament?
What are its functions and duties?
How and how often are the members voted?
What kind of laws do they aprove?
Are there any laws that you personally don´t like?
What is the „European budget“? What parts does it have?
What are the aims of the European Union and its institutions?
What is the „European council“ good for?
Use these words in a sentence and explain them
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
LAW
MINISTER
CURRENCY
IMPORT
EXPORT
GDP
TRADE
UNIFICATION
AGREEMENT
SOLIDARITY
CONSUMER
MEMBER
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
European Union - links
1) http://europa.eu/ - oficiální stránky EU
2) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/ee.html - informace o EU
3) http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/eu - zprávy o EU
4) http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/European-Union ekonomické zprávy
5) http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/European-Union mezinárodní zprávy
6) http://www.isabelperez.com/europe.htm - kvízy ohledně EU
7) http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/european_unio
n/newsid_2138000/2138993.stm - aktivity pro děti v rámci EU
8) http://www.ducksters.com/geography/country.php?country=Europe
an%20Union – zeměpis pro děti, EU apod.
9) http://geography.about.com/od/geographyintern/a/euoverview.htm
- historie EU
10) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2-4gpRIkUE – co je to EU, video
11) http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/ - historie a zakladatelé EU
12) http://www.surfnetkids.com/european_union.htm - odkazy pro děti,
aktivity a stránky o EU
13) http://www.funtrivia.com/quizzes/world/government/european_uni
on.html - testy zaměřené na EU a další organizace
14) http://www.european-studies.org/games.htm - hry zaměřené na
Banking – dictionary and phrases
B
bankéř – banker
bankomat – ATM (automatic teller machine)
bankovka - banknote
běžný účet – current account
C
celkový příjem – revenue
D
debetní karta – debit card
dlužit - owe
držitel - holder
F
finanční – financial
fond – fund
H
hypotéka - mortgage
I
instituce – institution
internetové bankovnictví – internet banking
K
kapitál – capital
kreditní karta – credit card
krize - crisis
M
mince - coin
O
obdržet - receive
P
platit – pay
podíl - share
poskytnout - provide
přebytek – surplus
přesun - transfer
přijmout – accept
půjčka – loan
R
rezerva – reserve
risk - risk
S
splatný - repayable
Š
šek - cheque
T
termín - term
trh – market
U
účetnictví – accounting
úrok – interest
úroková sazba – interest rate
V
velkoobchod - wholesale
Z
zákazník - customer
záloha – deposit
zapůjčit – lend
zdroj - source
zisk – profit
vložit kreditní kartu
odebrat hotovost
půjčit peníze
Mám účet v bance Lloyd´s.
Bankomat mi nevrátil kartu.
Kolik peněz máš u sebe?
V kolik hodin banka otvírá?
Banka za 20min zavírá.
Chtěl bych proplatit tento šek.
Vyplňte tento formulář.
Podepište se tady, prosím.
Rád bych si otevřel účet.
Rád bych si vybral peníze.
Jaký mám zůstatek na účtu?
Jaké máte číslo účtu?
účtovat si poplatek
přepočíst měnu
Kde je nejbližší směnárna?
Jaký je směnný kurz eura vůči
libře?
Kde si můžu směnit peníze?
Kolik dostanu za 100 eur?
Chtěl bych si směnit cestovní
šeky.
Kolik jich chcete směnit?
Nahoře je prosím podepište.
Dejte mi prosím pas.
Zde jsou vaše peníze.
to insert the credit card
to withdraw cash
to lend money
I have an account with Lloyd´s.
The cash machine has eaten m
How much money have you go
What time does the bank open
The bank closes in 20 minutes.
I´d like to cash this cheque, ple
Fill in this form, please.
Please sign here.
I´d like to open an account.
I´d like to draw some money.
What is the balance of my acco
What is your account number?
to charge commission
to convert the currency
Where is the nearest exchange
What is the exchange rate for t
against the pound?
Where can I change my money
How much do I get for 100 eur
I would like to change some tra
cheques.
How many do you want to cha
Please sign them at the top.
Could I have your passport, ple
Here is your money.
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
What is a „bank“?
Why do people go there?
Can you explain these words and use them in a sentence?
a) ATM
b) MONEY
c) COUNTER
d) DEPOSIT
e) CLERK
f) CASHIER
g) WITHDRAW MONEY
h) SAVE MONEY
i) BANK ROBBER
j) SAVING ACCOUNT
k) INTEREST RATE
l) CREDIT CARD
m) DEBIT CARD
n) MORTGAGE
What advantages and disadvantages can you name regarding credit cards?
What services do banks offer?
What kind of bank services would you use abroad?
What happens if you can’t pay your debts?
What kind of bank do you use and are you satisfied with its servises?
What do you think about bank fees?
What is internet banking?
What happens with your money when the bank goes bankrupt?
Would you like to work in a bank? Why yes / not?
Do you usually save money?
Do you think rich countries should lend more money to the third world countries?
Can you quess the right word?
a) it´s the official American currency D _________
b) it´s a machine from which you withdraw money A__________
c) if I have no money, I am P _________
d) I can keep my money in a W _________
e) it´s the money I take from the bank when I want to buy a new house M _______
f) they money I get at work is my S _________
g) the opposite of SPEND is S _________
h) Czech crown, Japanese yen and Euro are C _________
i) the % that you pay monthly is the I __________ R __________
Comment these images
1.
What do you see in these
pictures?
2.
Can you comment each picture
and write words connected to
them?
3.
Which of these pictures are
positive and which negative?
4.
What currencies do you know
and what is their position in
the world market?
Match these words with their Czech translation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
POCKET MONEY
BE WEALTHY
BE WELL OFF
EARN MONEY
INHERIT MONEY
KEEP MONEY FOR A RAINY DAY
DONATE MONEY
SPEND A FORTUNE
RUN OUT OF MONEY
WASTE MONEY
PAY INTEREST
GO BANKRUPT
Comment and explain these quotes
1.
Money doesn’t grow on trees.
2.
Money talks.
3.
Time is money.
A) mrhat penězi
B) být zajištěn
C) darovat peníze
D) zbankrotovat
E) platit úroky
F) kapesné
G) nemít žádné peníze, peníze došly
H) vydělávat peníze
J) utratit veliké množství peněz
K) zdědit peníze
L) být bohatý
M) mít peníze pro strýčka Příhodu
Banking - links
1) http://www.bbc.co.uk/czech/specials/933_business_english/ business English na BBC
2) http://www.businessenglishsite.com/ - studium business English
online
3) http://www.better-english.com/exerciselist.html - procvičení BE
4) http://www.englishclub.com/business-english/ - business letter
5) http://www.business-english.com/ - cvičení, články, poslech BE
6) http://www.rong-chang.com/business.htm - rozcestník na
procvičení, videa a poslech BE
7) http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/business-english/ - BE
online slovník
8) http://www.youtube.com/user/bizpod - základní slovní zásoba video
9) http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/business_english.html poslech BE
10) http://www.ego4u.com/en/business-english/communication procvičení BE
11) http://business-spotlight.ihned.cz/ - business magazín
12) http://learningenglish.voanews.com/archive/learningenglish-homebusiness/latest/956/956.html - business videa a poslech
13) http://www.talkenglish.com/Speaking/listBusiness.aspx - procvičení
BE
Measures of economic performance- dictionary
and phrases
A
akcie - stock
analýza - analysis
C
cyklus – cycle
D
dodávat - supply
domácí - domestic
E
export - export
H
hodnota - value
hrubý národní produkt - GDP
I
import - import
inflace – inflation
K
kapacita - capacity
kvalita života – quality of life
M
maloobchod – retail
měřit - measure
mzda - wage
N
nejistý - uncertain
nezaměstnanost – unemployment
O
osobní - personal
P
padat - fall
plán – plan
plánovat - planning
platba – payment
pojištění - insurance
potencionální – potentional
povzbudit – encourage
požadavek - demand
primární – primary
prodejce - vendor
prostředí – environment
průměný – average
průmysl – industry
průzkum - research
půjčka - loan
R
rozhodnutí - decision
růst – growth
S
sekundární – secondary
skrytý – implicit
slabost - weakness
směnný kurz – exchange rate
souběžný – coinsident
soukromý - private
statistika – statistics
stimulovat - stimulate
T
transakce - transaction
trvání – duration
U
utrácet - spend
V
výdaje - expenses
výroba – production
výrobce - manufacturer
vzdělání - education
Z
zaměstnanec – employee
zaměstnavatel – employer
zásoby - inventories
zboží - goods
zdraví – health
zemědělec - farmer
zrychlit – speed up
zvedat se - rise
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
What is the GDP?
What are primary, secondary and tercial sectors of economy?
What is the difference between real and nominal output?
What is GDP per capita?
What is the „business cycle“ and what role does it play in the growth of the
GDP?
Why does some economy grow fast?
Why does some economy slow down its growth?
What is inflation?
What is deflation?
How do inflation and deflation influence our lives?
What causes inflation?
These are results of inflation – can you comment them... CHANGE OF PRICES,
CHANGES IN PLANNING OF PRICES, COMPETITIVENESS, SOCIAL STABILITY
What is unemployment?
How does the unemployment influence the GDP?
What does low unemployment rate tell us about an economy?
Can you comment the unemploymemt in the Czech Republic?
What is „technological unemployment“?
What is „structural unemployment“?
Unemployment causes these changes in the society... crime, vandalism, family
breakdowns and social welfare support, regional decay ...can you comment
them?
What is the „exchange rate“?
How does the exchange rate influence the GDP?
How would you comment the economical performance vs. infrastructure?
How would you comment the economical performance vs. education?
How would you comment the economical performance vs. health care?
How would you comment the economical performance vs. housing?
Can you comment the situation in the Czech Republic?
a) Czech education
b) Czech health care
c) Czech housing situation
d) Czech inflation
e) Czech unemployment
f) Czech GDP
g) Czech social welfare support
h) Czech crime rate
j) exchange rate of the Czech crown against other currencies
Try to find the correct definition
1.
Potential Growth
2.
Actual Growth
3.
Nominal Growth
4.
Real Growth
A) the growth in output not including any adjustment for
price changes expressed as ‘current prices´
B) the overall capacity of the economy (i.e. what the economy
could produce if it used all its resources)
C) growth in GDP adjusted to take account of changes in the
price level – expressed as ‘constant prices’
D) the annual percentage increase in output
Can you comment these 2 opinions?
1.
Republicans definition of a successful economy:
1. The stock market is up
2. Corporate profits are up
3. Taxes for the rich are down
4. Regulations of any kind are eliminated
5. Social programs are reduced as much as possible, elimination is the cure for
everything
6. Wages for workers are kept low
2.
Democrats definition of a successful economy:
1. Unemployed are put back to work
2. Wages are increased
3. Wealth is spread out more equally
4. Sensible regulations are put in place and enforced to protect our financial,
health and education systems
5. Taxes rates are adjusted to force corporations and the e=wealthiest among us to
carry a share of the burden which is in line with the benefits they have received
from society
How do these things effect a successful economy?
SCIENCE
INDEPENDENCE
EDUCATION
INFORMATION
SKILLS
HUMAN RIGHTS
TRUST
WATER
ENERGY
NUTRITION
POVERTY
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
POLUTION
OCEAN
RESOURCES
LAND
LONG-TERM THINKING
REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS
RELIGION
Measures of economic performance - links
1) http://www.conferenceboard.org/topics/subtopics.cfm?subtopicid=200 – ekonomické
ukazatele
2) http://www.investopedia.com/university/releases/ - seznam a
vysvětlení ukazatelů
3) http://www.cnb.cz/en/statistics/sdds/ - ekonomická data České
republiky
4) http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home - stránky oficiálních
českých statistik
5) http://www.economist.com/topics/economic-indicators - zprávy ze
světa ukazatelů a ekonomik
6) http://ycharts.com/indicators - ukazatele USA
7) http://www.economy.com/dismal/default.aspx - vývoj globální
ekonomiky
8) http://skydancingblog.com/2011/09/30/todays-successfuleconomies/ - současné úspěšné ekonomiky
9) http://www.slideshare.net/egfred/indicators-of-economicdevelopment-2908463 - pojednání o ekonomických ukazatelích
10) http://smallbusiness.chron.com/indicators-economic-development3883.html - indikátory vývoje
11) www.bized.co.uk/sites/bized/files/docs/indicators.ppt - prezentace
na ekonomické indikátory
Advertising - dictionary and phrases
A
agentura - agency
B
balón - balloon
billboard - billboard
blog - blog
Č
časopis - magazine
čtenář - reader
D
divák – viewer
doména - domain
dostupný – available
G
globální - global
grafika - graphics
CH
chování – behaviour
I
ideologie – ideology
inovace - innovation
internet – internet
inzerát - ad
K
kanál – channel
klient - client
konzumace - consumption
komunikace – communication
kreativní – creative
kritika - criticism
L
letáček - flyer
licence – licence
logo - logo
M
manipulovat - manipulate
marketing – marketing
masový - mass
N
nabídka – offer
nákupní středisko – shopping mall
nákupní vozík – shopping cart
nápad - idea
nenáročný – unobtrusive
nevyžádaná pošta - spam
noviny – newspaper
nutnost – necessity
O
obrazovka - screen
P
plakát - poster
posluchač – listener
povědomí - awareness
povzbudit – encourage
procento – percentage
propagace - promotion
přesvědčit – persuade
přispět – contribute
přístup - access
R
rádio - radio
S
satelite – satellite
server – server
síť – network
skrytý - covert
služba - service
společnost – company
sponzor – sponsor
stanice - station
T
technika – technique
technologie - technology
televize – television
televizní reklama – TV commercial
tisk - press
trend - trend
trh - market
U
událost – event
určit - determine
úspěšný – successful
uznávaný – established
uživatel - user
V
venkovní – outdoor
výhoda - benefit
výrobek - product
Z
znělka - jingle
zpráva - message
zvýšit - increase
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
What is advertising?
What is it good for?
What is promotion?
Where can I find „ads“?
Where can I find advertisements?
Where can I find TV commercials?
What are some places used for advertising?
What do you personally think about advertising?
Have you ever bought anything according to an advertisement?
How does advertising influence young people?
Can you mention any movie where promotion of some product was quite
obvious?
Would you regulate advertising anyhow?
Can you comment advertising vs. radio?
Can you comment advertising vs. internet?
Can you comment advertising vs. magazines?
Can you comment advertising vs. driving?
Are there any companies that advertise world wide?
Do the advertising companies play games with us?
What is a brand? Can you name any? What is your relationship to brand
products?
What is „crowd manipulation“?
Can you remember any shocking billboard?
Do you think that all the information told in the commercials and adverts is
true?
What is a „deadline“?
Is it important to be creative in the advertising business?
Is advertising influenced by politics?
What is the relationship between media and advertising?
What do you think about advertising vs. cigarettes?
Do you think there should be TV commercials for pharmaceutical products?
Do you think there should be naked women in the TV commercials? Doesn´t it
humiliate them?
Should TV commercials for alcohol be banned?
Are there any TV commercials that you find completely inappropriate?
Do you think that TV commercials have a strong effect on people?
Do you do your shopping according to the food discounts you saw on the TV?
Comment these images. What is in them? How do they promote their product?
Choose one word, explain it and use it in a sentence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
BRAND
MONEY
PUBLISH
AGENCY
WEBSITE
SALES
MEDIA
TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH
PRODUCT
GOAL
LINK
E-COMMERCE
IDEA
INNOVATION
MEDIA
GLOBAL
NETWORK
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Advertising - links
1) http://advertising.about.com/ - inzerce a strategie
2) http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-advertising.html druhy inzerce
3) http://advertising.about.com/od/advertisingprojects/a/DifferentTypes-Of-Advertising-Methods.htm - druhy a umístění inzerátů
4) http://www.slideshare.net/RbkAsr/types-and-forms-of-advertising formy inzerce
5) http://www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/typesof-advertising-media/ - inzertní media
6) http://www.english-online.at/media/advertising/advertisingmedia.htm - formy inzerce
7) http://facts.randomhistory.com/interesting-facts-about-
advertising.html - zajímavá fakta o inzerci
8) http://thechive.com/2012/10/16/25-ads-in-canada-with-fascinatingscientific-facts-25-hq-photos/ - zajímavé reklamy
9) http://www.smashingapps.com/2010/11/06/40-extremely-shockingadvertisements.html - šokující reklamy
10) http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/14/100-controversialadverts_n_1596786.html#slide=1094209 – 100 nejvíce šokujících
reklam
11) http://www.forbes.com/powerful-brands/list/ - nejvíce prosperující
světové značky
Financial market - dictionary and phrases
A
akcie – stock
B
banka - bank
bezpečnost - security
C
cenné kovy – precious metals
cenné papíry - securities
D
daň - tax
dividenda – dividend
dluh - dept
dluhopis - bond
dodávka – supply
dohoda - settlement
domácí – domestic
E
exportér - exporter
F
fond – fund
funkce - function
H
hodnota – value
hypotéka - mortgage
I
importér - importer
inflace - inflation
investor - investor
K
kapitál - capital
komodita – commodity
kompenzace – compensation
krize - crisis
kupující – buyer
L
likvidita – liquidity
lišit se - vary
M
mechanismus - mechanism
měna - currency
mezinárodní – international
N
nabídka - offer
nemovitost – real estate
nestálost - volatility
O
obchod – trade
obchodování - trading
P
pevný – fixed
penze - pension
podíl – share
podmínky – conditions
pojištění - insurance
prodávající - seller
předmět – item
převzetí - takeover
příjem – income
S
společnost – company
Š
škála - scale
T
transakce – transaction
U
úrok – interest
V
vláda - government
výměna – exchange
Z
zásadní – crucial
zdroj – resource
zlepšit - enhance
změna - change
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
What is the financial market?
Can you explain what stock market is?
Who buys and sells stock?
Do you understand the stock market?
What are bonds?
What is a capital?
What does the capital of a company include?
Who is a shareholder? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
What is a budget?
Does the budget have any parts?
Do you have any family budget?
Is it important to plan your finances?
Why do companies take loans?
Why do people take loans?
What is more convenient – have money in the bank or invest the money? Can
you comment it and speak about the positive and negative aspects?
Who is a sponsor?
Why do companies or business men sponsor something? Does it pay off?
What is „financial risk“? Why and when do companies risk?
Have you ever risked your finances? Why?
How do you know that an investment is suspicious?
How is your money secured in the bank?
What happens when a bank goes bankrupt?
Do you think that people in the Czech Republic save their money? Where do
they invest and how much do they save monthly? What do you think are good
investments?
What do you think about investing into gold and silver?
Do you think that public finances are managed well?
Do you think that money coming from the EU is managed well?
Where do you see the biggest problems?
What are taxes?
How much money do we pay on taxes?
What does the state need the taxes for?
What happens when a state goes bankrupt?
What is „personal bankrupt“?
What do you think about the financial future of the Czech Rebublic? Do you
think people will get bigger salaries, that the taxes will be lower and things
cheaper? Do you think banks will give better interest rates? Or do you think
that the good times are over and only worse things are coming?
JOBS in economy and business – what do there people exactly do and would you
like to have their job?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
BANKER
________________________________________________
SECRETARY
________________________________________________
BROKER
________________________________________________
INSURANCE AGENT ________________________________________________
IT MANAGER
________________________________________________
FINANCIAL ADVISER ________________________________________________
ACCOUNTANT
________________________________________________
SALES MANAGER
________________________________________________
Do you know the correct answer?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What is accounting?
What is the difference between a fee and a price?
What is the difference between a treasure and fortune?
What is the difference betwen borrow and lend?
What is the difference between earn and gain?
What is the difference between allow and afford?
what is the difference between receipt and recipe?
What is „Cash flow“?
What is a „Balance sheet“?
How can we make a lot of money? What are some possible ways?
BUSINESS PLAN – comment these parts of the business plan and speak about their
importance and about what happens when these parts don´t work the way they
should
1.
TIMELINE
2.
COMPETITOR ANALYSIS
3.
SWOT ANALYSIS
4.
MARKETING PLAN
5.
FINANCIAL PLANNING
6.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
7.
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
8.
BUSINESS STATEMENTS
Financial market - links
1) http://www.investopedia.com/walkthrough/corporatefinance/1/financial-markets.aspx - typy trhů a vysvětlení
2) http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/ - finanční zprávy
3) http://www.ft.com/intl/markets - situace na trzích, zprávy a statistiky
4) http://www.marketwatch.com/ - zprávy z burzy
5) http://money.cnn.com/data/markets/ - CNN zprávy ze světa financí
6) http://www.analysisgroup.com/structure_financial_markets.aspx struktura finančích trhů
7) http://www.qfinance.com/financing-checklists/understandingcapital-markets-structure-and-function - kapitálové trhy a jejich
struktura
8) http://www.nasdaq.com/ - burzovní zprávy
9) http://www.tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/stock-market trhy v jednotlivých zemích
10) http://www.cnbc.com/id/21324812 - osobní finance a hospodaření
11) http://online.wsj.com/public/page/news-personalfinance.html?refresh=on – Wall Street Journal
12) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/240155/governmentbudget - národní rozpočet
13) http://www.tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/governmentbudget - rozpočet ČR
Marketing - dictionary and phrases
B
budoucnost - future
C
cena – price
cíl – target
D
drahý - expensive
E
efektivita - efficiency
F
faktor - factor
funkce – function
G
globální – global
H
hodnocení - evaluation
I
impulz - impulse
inovace - innovation
instituce – institution
internet – internet
interval - span
K
konkurent - competitor
konzultovat - consult
komunikovat – communicate
koupit – buy
L
levný - cheap
M
model - model
N
nástroj – instrument
neúspěch - failure
O
orientace - orientation
organizace - organization
P
plán – plan
platnost – validity
podpora - support
poskytnout - provide
požadavek – requirement
proces - process
prodat – sell
prostředí - environment
průmysl – industry
předpovědět - predict
připravit - prepare
přístup – approach
R
relevantní – relevant
rozdělení - segmentation
rys – feature
Ř
řetězec - chain
S
snížit - descease
současný – contemporary
společný – mutual
spolehlivý - reliable
strategie - strategy
U
účel – purpose
uchování - storage
úsilí - effort
úspěšný - successful
V
vnitřní - internal
výroba – production
výrobek - product
vytvořit – create
vývoj - development
Z
zachování - retention
zajistit - ensure
zákazník – customer
zaměření – focus
závěr - conclusion
zboží – goods
zdroj - source
značka – brand
zvýšit - increase
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
What is marketing?
Can you name any of its features?
What role does advertising play in marketing?
Who is a consumer?
Is it important to know our target group? Why?
How can we influence the consumer to buy our product?
Is it easy for a consumer to decide which product to buy?
How do you decide?
What are the features of a product you are looking for when you go shopping?
What is the difference between quality and quantity?
What would you say about the shopping behaviour of Czech people? What do
we buy? What is important for us?
Do people buy luxury things? Why yes / not?
What influences our demand?
Does media manipulate with us anyhow? Can you think of any example?
What is „multicultural marketing“?
Is marketing always a good thing?
Do the companies care whether their products helps us or harms us?
Is the package important for the product? Why?
What is the difference between the things that you need and want?
Can you compare a few products and their promotion, price, package and some
other features?
How does a company form the price of a product?
What is „market research“?
What answers does the company want to get after the market research?
MARKETING PLAN – create your own marketing plan in pairs or groups
 choose the product
_____________________________________________
 think of the price
_____________________________________________
 think of the package _____________________________________________
 think of ways of promotion
___________________________________
 think of the target groups
___________________________________
 think of distribution channels
___________________________________
 think of innovations and plans for the future
_________________________
Can you comment this image?
Can you write a brief definition for each
bubble?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
Marketing alphabet – guess the word
A _______ to give information to the public about a new product or service
A _______ a long-term relationship maintained by two or more firms
B _______ kind, grade or trademark
D _______ the time by which something must be finished or submitted
D _______ reduction off the price list offered by a producer to a buyer
E _______ activities associated with receiving something from someone by giving
something in re-turn
G _______ the assurance of the quality of goods offered for sale
J ________ a short song used in a promotional announcement
L ________ something that is permitted - not forbidden by law
M _______ a market situation where one firm markets all the goods or services and
can influence price
P _______ something that must be given in order to obtain a thing
P _______ promoting the product on the shelf and protecting it during shipment
R _______ to make an extensive investigation into something
R _______ a return of the amount paid for an item
S _______ a plan, method, or series of maneuvers for obtaining a specific result
S _______ an item given to people to try whether they like the product or not
W ______ the wishes, needs, cravings, demands, or desires of human beings
Marketing - links
1) http://www.slideshare.net/Drizzlin/the-history-of-marketing marketing historie
2) http://media3.bournemouth.ac.uk/marketing/02defining/01history.
html - marketing, historie a jednotlivé části marketingu
3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_marketing_terms - marketing,
důležité termíny
4) http://www.stevetoms.net/glossary.htm - marketing, definice a
výrazy
5) http://www.m-journal.cz/cs/ - marketing – zprávy a informace
6) http://www.imbusa.com/ - mezinárodní značky
7) http://www.theguardian.com/media-network/brand-marketing zprávy ze světa marketingu
8) http://www.greatideasforteachingmarketing.com/ - stránky pro
učitele – marketing
9) http://www.marketingpower.com/Community/ARC/Pages/Teaching/
default.aspx - rozcestník pro učitele, marketing a další
10) http://inventors.about.com/od/lessonplans/a/creativity_5.htm - jak
učit vynalézavost a kreativitu
11) http://www.mvfglobal.com/czech-republic - marketing v ČR
12) http://www.startupoverseas.co.uk/starting-a-business-in-czechrepublic/marketing-a-business.html - marketing v ČR
Employment - dictionary and phrases
D
daň - tax
dlouhodobý – long-term
dobrovolník – volunteer
dotazník - questionnaire
důchod – retirement
důvěra - trust
F
funkce - function
G
globalizace – globalization
H
hodnocení - evaluation
CH
charakteristika – charakteristics
chování - behaviour
chudoba – poverty
I
instrukce - instruction
K
kandidát – candidate
konkurence – competition
kvalifikace - qualification
kvalifikovaný - skilled
L
lhůta - period
M
minimální - minimum
mzda - wage
N
nábor - recruitment
najmout si – hire
nástroj - tool
nekvalifikovaný - unskilled
neuspět – fail
nezaměstnanost – unemployment
nezávislý - independent
O
odbory – union
odstupné – severance
odškodné - compensation
P
personál – staff
platit - pay
podepsat – sign
podmínky – conditions
pověst - reputation
povinnost – duty
pozice - position
pozorování - observation
požadavek - requirement
práce – job
práce (lidská) – labor
pracoviště – workplace
pracovní pohovor – job interview
pracovní síla - workforce
produktivita – productivity
R
rozhodnutí - decision
S
služba - service
smlouva – contract
společnost – company
spolehlivý – reliable
spolupráce – cooperation
T
tým – team
týmová práce – team work
U
úkol - task
V
vedení - leadership
výběr - selection
vydělat si - earn
výsledek – outcome
vzdělání - education
vztah - relationship
Z
zájem - interest
zaměstnanec – employee
zaměstnavatel – employer
zaměstnanost - employment
záruka - guarantee
zisk – profit
ziskový – profitable
zkušenost – experience
Ž
žadatel – applicant
životopis - CV
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
What is the job market?
What is employment and unemployment?
Why do people need to have a job?
Where can people find a job?
What is the first thing that you must do when you are interested in a position?
What is a job interview?
What are some things that you must do before a job interview?
What kind of clothes are suitable?
What kind of questions would you ask at a job interview?
What kind of questions would you be asked?
When do you think is the right time to start taking about money?
What kind of benefits would you like to get?
Would you prefer working individually or in a team?
What is team work and are you a team player?
What kind of qualities are you looking for in a boss?
Have you ever had a bad boss?
What are some qualities a good worker should have? Do you have those
qualities?
What is a CV? What kind of information can be found there?
What is loyalty? Why should we be loyal to our employer?
What is the difference between being employed and being self-employed? Can
you find advantages and disadvantages?
Is education important these days? What kind of things are required in almost
every job?
What do you think about the job market in the Czech Republic?
Why do some people become unemployed? What do they do afterwards?
Why is it hard for young and old people to find a job?
Are languages important when you are looking for a job?
Which languages are important and why?
Do you think that young people understand the importance of education for
their future?
Would you study the same school again or would you choose a completely
different job?
What kind of jobs are well appreciated in the society?
Are there any jobs that nobody wants to do? Why?
Are there any jobs that you think are overpaid and underpaid?
What about politicians and town munincipalities? Do they get enough money
or too much? Would you be able to become a politician?
Look at these jobs and comment them. What do they do? Where do they work? Is
it a good or bad job? What are the best things about this job? Would you like to do
this job? Is this job well appreciated?
Can you explain these words and use them in a sentence?
SALARY
HOLIDAY
BENEFIT
TEAM
COLLEAGUE
DUTY
WORKING HOURS
BOSS
COMPANY
CONTRACT
TASK
CV
JOB INTERVIEW
DRESS CODE
LOYALTY
RESPONSIBILITY
Employment - links
1) http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/g/employmentjob.htm - co je to zaměstnanost
2) http://jobsearch.about.com/cs/interviews/a/jobinterviewtip.htm -
příprava před pracovním pohovorem
3) http://career-advice.monster.com/job-interview/interviewquestions/100-potential-interview-questions/article.aspx - otázky,
které se mohou vyskytnout během pracovního pohovoru
4) http://europass.cedefop.europa.eu/en/documents/curriculum-vitae
- tvorba životopisu
5) http://jobsearch.about.com/od/cvsamples/a/blsamplecv.htm příklady a vzory životopisu
6) http://teamworkdefinition.com/ - týmová práce
7) http://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Good-Employee - jak být dobrým
zaměstnancem
8) http://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Good-Boss - jak být dobrým šéfem
9) http://www.jobresponsibilities.net/ - pracovní povinnosti u různých
zaměstnání
10) http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2013/05/13/the-bestand-worst-paying-jobs-in-america-2/ - nejlépe a nejhůře placené
práce
11) http://www.mpsv.cz/en/ - zaměstnanost v ČR
12) http://czech-travel.blogspot.cz/2009/03/top-50-best-paying-
Financial crimes - dictionary and phrases
A
alkohol – alcohol
anonymita - anonymity
B
banka – bank
Č
černý trh – black market
člen - member
členství - membership
D
daň – tax
droga – drug
E
etika - etics
F
falešný – counterfeit
financování - financing
H
hierarchie - hierarchy
hypotéka - mortgage
K
kasino – casino
klan - clan
krádež – theft
krádež identity – identity theft
kreditní karta – credit card
L
legální - legal
M
mafie - mafia
majetek – property
měna - currency
N
napadení - assault
násilný – violent
nelegální – illegal
neoficiální - unofficial
nezákonný – unlawful
O
oběť - victim
obchod – trade
obchodník - merchant
obchodování – trading
oficiální - official
ovlivnit - influence
P
padělání – forgery
palivo – fuel
pašerák - smuggler
pašování – smuggling
peníze – money
platba - payment
podvod – fraud
pohyb - move
poradce – advisor
potrestat - punish
praní peněz – money loundering
právo - right
prevence – prevention
prohibice - prohibition
prostituce - prostitution
původ - origin
S
síť – network
soud – court
soudní proces - trial
spáchat - commit
společnost - company
Š
šek – cheque
T
tabák - tobacco
terorista – terrorist
transakce – transaction
trest - punishment
trestní stíhání – prosecution
trh - market
trik - trick
U
účet - account
účetní – accountant
účetnictví – accounting
umístění - location
úplatkářství – bribery
úřednický – white-collar
útočiště - haven
užitek - benefit
V
válka - war
vězení – prison
vězeň - prisoner
vláda - government
vlastnictví – ownership
vloupání – burglary
vražda – murder
vydírání – black mailing
vyhnutí se – evasion
vyloupení – robbery
vývoj - development
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Why do people commit crimes?
What happens when a criminal is caught? What follows?
Do all criminals go to prison?
Can you comment Czech prisons?
Can you compare Czech and other prisons, e.g. American, Brazilian, etc.?
What kinds of crimes do you know?
What is black market?
Why does it exist?
What is prohibition and smuggling?
What can I buy on the black market? Can you comment these items?
Do people „buy and sell“ other people?
Do people „buy and sell“ organs? Where do they get them?
What do you think about the drug market? How do you think that the whole
system works?
What do you think about the attitude of the Czech Republic towards drugs and
their legalization?
Do you think there´s a lot of money in the „animal market?“
Why do people want to sell and buy weapons?
What does it mean when something is „counterfeit“?
What kind of crimes and connected to credit cards?
What should we do when we lose our credit card?
Would you ever use your credit card for paying online?
Why do some groups support terrorism?
What is Mafia? How and why did it start?
What are some techniques the Mafia uses?
What is corruption?
Do you think it´s easy to bribe someone?
Why do people do „money loundering“? What is the origin of such money?
What is the difference between European countries and tax havens?
Why do some people avoid paying taxes?
Can you think of any famous cases in the future connected with financial crime?
Who was Viktor Kožený?
Do you think that all criminals get punished in the end? Why yes / not?
How would you punish people who abuse other people or companies?
Which financial crime do you think is the most horrible?
Would you introduce physical punishment?
Do you think that people who stole a lot of money lose their property when they
go to prison or do they keep it and have a good life when they leave the prison?
Make a definition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
FRAUD
PROSTITUTION
SMUGGLER
WEAPON
WAR
PRISON
PUNISHMENT
MONEY
ABUSE
WHITE-COLLAR
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
How and why do you think they do it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
How do people smuggle drugs?
How do people smuggle weapons?
How do people persuade women to become prostitutes?
How do people bribe other people?
How does a person become a member of mafia?
How does a person become a dealer?
How are animals smuggled?
How do you think that people contact dealers and smuggers?
Do you think there is any „etics“ between the criminals?
What happens when the criminal wants to leave the Mafia?
Czech Republic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What do you know about Czech courts?
Do you think it´s easy to bribe a Czech official?
Do you think people commit tax crimes in the Czech Republic?
Do you think that money is involved and abused in elections?
Can you be 100% that Czech police will help you?
How do you think that financial crimes are being investigated?
Do you think that things like „conspiracy“ exist in the Czech Rebublic? And why
would anyone get involved in it?
8. Can you defend yourself anyhow against financial crimes?
9. Do you think people wouldn´t commit financial crimes if they had enough
money? And what is „enough money“?
10. Do you think that criminals ever feel bad for those whose money they stole?
Financial crimes - links
1) http://www.businessinsider.com/the-decades-10-biggest-financialcrimes-2009-12?op=1 – 10 největších finančích zločinů
2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crimes - finanční zločin
3) http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/organdonation7.htm - obchod s orgány
4) http://www.history.com/topics/origins-of-the-mafia - historie mafie
5) https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/ - organizovaný
zločin
6) http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/fraud - zpronevěra
7) http://www.oecd.org/corruption/ - podplácení a korupce
8) http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/White-Collar+Crime –
vysvětlení pojmů
9) http://www.ckfraud.org/whitecollar.html - druhy finančních zločinů a
jejich vysvětlení
10) http://www.examiner.com/article/gun-control-unregisteredfirearms-and-the-black-market - zbraně na černém trhu
11) http://www.ceeinsight.net/2013/07/24/czech-prosecution-halts904-white-collar-crime-cases-in-accord-with-former-presidentsamnesty/ - amnestie v ČR vs. finanční kriminalita
12) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Czech_Republic soudní systém v ČR
Management - dictionary and phrases
A
aspirace – aspiration
auditor - auditor
B
budoucnost - future
C
cena – price, cost
cíl – goal
D
dárce – donor
duhled - supervision
dohlížet – oversee
doporučení - recommendation
F
faktor - factor
finance – finances
G
graf – chart
H
hodnocení - assessment
I
informace - infornation
inovace – innovation
J
jistota - assurance
K
kariera - career
komise - committee
komunikace - communication
kontroloval – control
M
manipulace - manipulation
materiál – material
mechanismus – mechanism
menšina – minority
mezilidský – interpersonal
motivace - motivation
motivovat - motivate
N
nástroj - tool
O
oddělení - department
operace - operation
organizace – organization
organizování - organizing
P
peníze - money
plán – plan
plánování – planning
pobočka - branch
podnik – enterprise
podpora - support
princip - principle
prostředí – environment
předpis - regulation
předpověď – forecast
příprava - preparation
R
rozdělit – divide
rozhodnutí – decision
rozpočet - budget
Ř
ředitel - director
řídit – direct
řídící pracovník - executive
S
slabost - weakness
současný – contemporary
soukromý - private
stávka - strike
strategie - strategy
stroj – machine
U
účel – purpose
ukazatel - indicator
uskutečnit – implement
úspěch - success
V
vedení – governance
veřejný - public
většina – majority
vize - vision
vhodný - appropriate
volby - elections
volit - elect
výroba – production
vzdělání – education
vztah - relationship
Z
zákazník - customer
záměr – objective
zdroj – resource
zmocnit – empower
zodpovědnost – responsibility
zpětná vazba - feedback
Discussion
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Can you explain „management“ in your own words?
Who is a manager and what skills should he have?
Do you think it´s a good job to be a manager?
What is human resources management?
How can we „manage“ people?
What is „strategic“ management?
Can you mention any types of business strategies?
What is „financial“ management?
Basic fuctions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, leading,
controlling and motivation. Can you explain these terms and say what happens
in these phases?
Each company has its business policy. Why do you think companies have it?
What can be the basic strategies of a company?
What is „top-management“? What do there people do and what are their
aims?
Do you manage your time well?
Have you ever thought of managing something in your life differently?
How can employees be motivated?
Is there a best was to organize a company?
What distinguishes a successful organization from the others?
What are the benefits of risk management?
Does the culture influence the management anyhow?
How do we assess people´s skills?
What is the difference between IQ and EI?
What should we do before making a decision?
What is the value of time?
Is innovation always good?
Is it easy to re-gain reputation?
Should a company be interested in its competition? Why?
What are some ethical problems and dilemas in business?
How can I motivate shareholders to invest into our company?
What can I do to make my company visible and well known?
How should we choose our suppliers?
Can efficiency of people be increased? How?
Choose some companies in your region and try to say something about their
product, management, marketing, advertising and workers. What do you think
about their products? What do you think should be done to improve things in
that company?
Deside whether the following statements are DOs or DON´Ts for the manager
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ASK AND LISTEN
GET ANGRY
BE RESPONSIVE
BE COLD DISTANT AND RUDE
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR YOUR ACTIONS
SPEAK ABOUT PERSONAL PROBLEMS
WHAT YOU SAY YOU ARE GOING TO DO WHEN YOU ARE GOING TO DO IT
JUMP TO CONCLUSIONS WITHOUT CHECKING YOUR FACTS FIRST
ADMIT YOUR MISTAKES
LIE
APPRECIATE THE WORK OF OTHERS
SPY ON YOUR EMPLOYEES
EXPLORE ALTERNATIVES
SET LIMITS
GO OUT WITH THE WORKERS
CLARIFY ROLES
OVER-REACT
SPEAK ABOUT HIS INCOME
Supply chain management
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a supply chain?
How important is it in a complany?
What happens when one part of the chain fails?
These are the parts of the chain, can you think of things that can go wrong during
each phase?
a) Supplier
b) Procurement
c) Manufacture
d) Product
e) Inventory
f) Distribution
g) Logistic
h) Retail
i) Customer
Management - links
1) http://management.about.com/ - management – vysvětlení pojmu
2) http://www.forbes.com/management/ - management – zprávy a
novinky
3) http://www.taskey.com/resources/related%20articles/the-do's-anddont's.aspx - co dělat a nedělat v managementu
4) http://hbr.org/tip/2009/12/30/dos-and-donts-for-managing-yoursmartest-people - rady a tipy jak být dobrý manager
5) http://www.balancedscorecard.org/BSCResources/StrategicPlanning
Basics/tabid/459/Default.aspx - strategické plánování
6) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1530-9134 –
zprávy ze světa managementu a strategie
7) http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/business-
management-articles-reports/what-is-people-management/what-ispeople-management1.asp - jak jednat s lidmi
8) http://management.about.com/od/people/Manage_People.htm jednání s lidmi – rozcestník
9) http://www.dumblittleman.com/2008/02/11-solid-ways-to-improveyour-time.html - management času
10) http://www.managementstudyguide.com/financialmanagement.htm - finanční management, rozcestník
11) http://www.tutor2u.net/business/accounts/finance_management_i
ntro.htm- finanční management
Fastest growing econonies - dictionary and phrases
A
akcie – stock
B
bohatství - wealth
C
cena – price
D
deflace – deflation
dopad – impact
domácnost - household
dostupný - available
dvojitý – double
E
energie – energy
G
generace – generation
H
HDP – GDP
hranice – border, boundary
hruhý - gross
I
inflace – inflation
investice - investment
K
kapitál - capital
klesnout – drop
kolonizace – colonization
koncepce – conception
kritika – critics
kultura - culture
M
mechanizace – mechanization
měnový - monetary
N
nedostatek - imperfection
nerovnost - inequality
O
obchod – trade
odhad – estimation
odhadovat - estimate
odstranit – eliminate
P
plyn - gas
pokrok - advancement
práce - labor
procento – percentage
produktivita – productivity
přebytek - surplus
přetrvávat - linger
příčina - cause
R
renovace - renovation
revoluce – revolution
roční – annual
ropa – oil
povnost - parity
růst – growth
S
sector - sector
služby – services
snížení - reduction
spotřeba - consumption
standard - standard
stinná stránka – drawback
stroj – machine
suma - sum
Š
štěstí – happiness
T
těžba – extraction
transakce - transaction
U
udržitelnost - sustainability
uspora - saving
V
vlastnictví - ownership
vyčerpávání - depletion
vydělat si - earn
vývoj – development
vzdělání - education
Z
zahraničí - abroad
zajistit - ensure
zaměstnanost – employment
zaostávat - lag
zboží – goods
zdroj – resource
zemědělstvíí – agriculture
zlepšení - improvement
změna - change
zvýšit - increase
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What does it mean when we say that an economy is growning fast? What
happens?
Where do you think the fastest growing economies can be found?
Which industry do you think is the most important in the growth of an
economy?
Do you think that European countries are amoung those which are growing
fast? Why? Why not?
What about the USA? What would you say about the economy and
development of this country?
Have a look at the following pictures and try to answer the questions.
IRAQ
Where is it?
Why do you think the economy is growing fast?
What do you know about its culture?
Would you llike to go there on holiday?
Why was there a war a few years ago?
What do you think about the relationship between Iraq
and other countries?
Which religion do they have and does it influence the
situation in the country?
MONGOLIA
What can we say about the lifestyle of Mongolian
people?
What do they export?
Do tourists go there?
Do you think thay have good schools, schopping
centres, cinemas and swimmin-pools?
MOZAMBIQUE
What do you think about the lifestyle in
Africa? How different is it to European style of
life?
Why do some African countries live in
complete poverty and some others are
growing?
What do you think about economical future of
Africa in general?
LIECHTENSTEIN
Where is it?
What do you know about his country?
Is it a member of the EU?
Why do people go there?
Is it a kingdom or a republic?
Which languages do they speak?
CHINA
Where is China and who are its neighbours?
Can you comment the pupulation in China?
Why is their economy growing fast?
What system of government do they have?
Do they protect the environment?
What is/was the policy of one child?
Do Chinese procucts have a good quality?
What does China export?
Why do tourists go there for their holiday?
LIBYA
What system of government do they have in
Libya?
Why are there riots in Libya?
What do you know about the religion in Libya?
What are the natural resources in Libya?
How does the fact that a country has a sea
influence the economy of the country?
Would you be interested in going to Libya?
PARAGUAY
What do you think about the economy of South
American countries in general?
Is Paraguay famous for anything?
What do they export?
What natural resources do you think are found there?
Why is it such a good business when a country owns
natural resources?
What would you expect to see in Paraguay if you went
there for holiday?
Do you think that South American countries will play a
big role in the global economy one day?
Fastest growing economies - links
1) http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-top-ten/world-top-ten-fastestgrowing-economies-map.html - rozcestník s žebříčky zemí v rámci
různých hledisek
2) http://www.aneki.com/fastest_growing_economies.html - žebříčky
zemí z hlediska ekonomických a sociálních faktorů
3) http://www.goss.org/ - Jižní Sudán
4) http://www.sierra-leone.org/ - Sierra Leone
5) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14919009 - Východní
Timor
6) http://www.lonelyplanet.com/panama - Panama
7) http://www.lonelyplanet.com/the-gambia - Gambie
8) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/cd.html - Chad
9) http://www.zambiatourism.com/ - Zambie
10) http://www.gov.rw/?lang=en – Rwanda
11) http://www.lonelyplanet.com/burkina-faso - Burkina Faso
12) http://www.infoplease.com/country/tajikistan.html - Tajikistan
13) http://www.ghanaweb.com/ - Ghana
14) http://www.infoplease.com/country/haiti.html - Haiti
15) http://www.gfmag.com/component/content/article/119-economicdata/12537-the-poorest-countries-in-theworld.html#axzz2asnTVMM0 – nejchudší a nejbohatší země světa
REVISION TASKS
1.
Each student chooses one chapter of the coursebook and presents it briefly
2.
The group discusses these words... (students choose them one by one)
COUNTRY
STATE
ACCOUNTING
LABOR
GROWTH
GOVERNMENT
LAW
MARKETING
DEVELOPMENT
LAND
BUDGET
CRISIS
PRODUCTION
IMPORT
TRANSPORT
OUTCOME
PROFIT
CURRENCY
ENVIRONMENT
DEPT
STOCK
RESPONSIBILITY
NATURAL RESOURCES
MANAGER
RIGHTS
FINANCES
LOAN
MONEY
GDP
MANAGEMENT
RICH
POOR
INNOVATION
DEPLETION
EXPORT
CONSUMER
PRESIDENT
INCOME
INTEREST RATE
3.
Each student makes up some definitions and the others guess the right word
4.
The teacher can make up some definition as well
5.
The teacher says the alphabet and when the students stop him/her the
group tries to make up as many words as possible beginning with that letter
6.
The group can speak about the future of the economy, about European
economy, global economy, global impacts of industry, depletion of resources,
etc.