Transcript Agricultural Survey Powerpoint - California State University, Long

The East Asian Realm
Mongolia
N. Korea
China
Himalayas
and Tibetan Plateau
Hunan
Plateau
S. Korea
Coastal
Plains
Guangdong
Plains
South
China Sea
Japan
Taiwan
Pacific Ocean
Hong Kong
0
250
500
1,000 Miles
B
China
• Geography
China
0
250
500
1,000
1,500
Miles
2,000
United States
– A factor of unity as well
as diversity.
– 3rd largest country in the
world.
– Comparable surface
with Europe and the
United States:
• U.S.: 3.6 million square
miles.
• China: 3.7 million square
miles.
– It is a lot but not
China
•
4
•
1
2
•
3
•
1- Huang He (Yellow River).
– Can carry up to 40%
sediment weight (highest in
the world).
– Subject to flooding,
especially in its delta.
– Changed course many times.
2- Chang Jiang (Yangtze).
– Longest river, China’s main
street (6,300 km).
– Flood of 1998 left 14 million
homeless.
3- Pearl River delta system
– Most productive and
sustainable ecosystem in the
world.
– Rice paddies and fish ponds.
4- Heilong Jiang (Amur).
– China's border with Russia.
China
Pasture and
oasis
Wheat Dominant
Rice Dominant
Double-crop rice
• Agricultural diversity
– North: continental climate
growing wheat, sorghum
and corn.
– South: subtropical
climate growing rice.
– A China of the West with
pastoralism and oasis
agriculture.
Japan
– Small-sized country; the size of California.
– Average-sized population (127 millions).
– Very limited array of resources:
• Favored the development of trade.
• What Japan does not have on its national territory is obtained
through trade.
• Its industrial corporations and its banks are controlling a
significant array of resources.
– Domination of the Pacific Asian economy:
• Vast national market.
• Productive labor force.
• Financial power.
• Technological innovator.
Japan
•
Hokkaido
Honshu
Kanto Plain
Yamato Plain Nobi Plain
Shikoku
Kyushu
Physical constraints
– Physical geography increases the
territorial exiguity.
– 16% of the land is habitable.
– Fight against the scarcity of space:
• Long narrow valleys.
• Concentration of agricultural
productivity.
• Efficient management of
existing agricultural land.
– Kanto plain:
• 30.5% of the population.
• 8.3% of the surface of Japan.
• 50% of the flat territory.
– Most of the Japanese population
lives on an area the size of
Indiana.
South Korea
•
0
50
100
200
300
Miles
China
!(
!(
North Korea
!(
Sea of Japan
P'yongyang
!(
Demilitarized zone
!(
Inch`onSeoul
!(
!(
South Korea
!(
!(
!(
!(
Taejon
Chonju
Kwangju
!(
Taegu
!(
Pusan
Japan
Geography
– “The shrimp between the
whales”.
– About the size of Indiana.
– Population of 48 million.
– Highly homogenous ethnicity
and linguistically (100%
Korean).
– Religiously divided between
Christianity (49%) and
Buddhism (47%).
– 75% urban with 27% of the
population living in Seoul (13
million).
– 5 million Koreans live oversea:
• 1 million in the United
States.
Taiwan
•
!(
Fuzhou
Matsu
China
Taiwan
!(
Quemoy
!(
!(
T'ainan
!(
0
50
100
T'aichung
Kaoshsiung
200 Miles
Taipei
Geographical Context
– About 150 km (100 miles) from
the coast of southeast China.
– About the size of Idaho.
– Similar constraints than
neighboring countries:
• 60% of the territory is
composed of mountains.
• Chungyang Range covers
about 50% the total land
area.
• 25% usable for agriculture.
– Bulk of the population lives in the
western coastal plain.
– Quemoy and Matsu islands:
• Used for defensive purposes.
Agriculture and GDP Composition by Sector
CHINA:
Agriculture: rice, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, other
fibers, oilseed; pork and other livestock products; fish
GDP composition by sector :
l agriculture: 19%
l industry: 48%
l services: 33% (1994 est.)
JAPAN:
Agriculture: rice, sugar, beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy
products, eggs; world's largest
fish catch of 10 million metric tons in 1991
GDP composition by sector :
l agriculture: 2.1%
l industry: 40.2%
l services: 57.7% (1994)
NORTH KOREA:
Agriculture: rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork,
eggs
GDP composition by sector :
l agriculture: 25%
l industry: 60%
l services: 15% (1995 est.)
SOUTH KOREA:
Agriculture: rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs,
chickens, milk, eggs;
fish catch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh largest in world
GDP composition by sector :
l agriculture: 8%
l industry: 45%
l services: 47% (1991 est.)
TAIWAN:
Agriculture: rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs,
poultry, beef, milk;
fish catch increasing, reached 1.4 million metric tons in 1988
GDP composition by sector :
l agriculture: 3.6%
l industry: 37.3%
l services: 59.1% (1994 est.)
North
South
RICE
Terrace Making North and South