Transcript Transgenic rice and biosafety procedures .(English)

Rice Production Course
Transgenic rice and biosafety
procedures
D.S. Brar
PGPB, IRRI
Learning objectives
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To describe general methods for rice improvement
To describe genetic improvement of rice
To define and describe transgenic rice
To describe a brief history of transgenics in rice
To explain production, characterization and evaluation
of transgenic rice
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Can anyone describe
methods for rice
improvement?
Option 1
Management practices
– Agronomic practices (sowing, fertilizer, water, soil
preparation, etc.)
– Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
– Integrated nutrient management
– Post harvest losses (drying, storage, etc.)
Option 2
Genetic improvement
Option 3
Combination of options 1 and 2
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What are the methods for
genetic improvement of rice?
1. Conventional breeding methods
– Hybridization, backcrossing, selection and
evaluation of progenies
2. Wide hybridization (rice x wild species)
3. Tissue culture (anther culture, somatic cell culture)
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4. Mutation (create new variation)
5. Molecular breeding (use of molecular markers)
6. Transformation (genetic engineering)
– Introducing transgene/foreign genes through
recombinant DNA technique but not through
sexual hybridization
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Can anyone define
“transgenic rice”?
Broadly speaking refers to any rice plant that
carries foreign gene (s) introduced through genetic
engineering techniques
The transgene could be from a micro-organisms
and different plants
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Transgenic rice
 Gene = introduced directly into cultured cells (callus)
and/or organs (immature embryo) using biolistic or
Agrobacterium methods of transformation
 Rice plants are regenerated from transformed cells and
progenies and tested for the desirable agronomic trait (s)
(eg. stem borer resistance)
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Transgenic rice
 Transgenic rice = commonly referred as GM (genetically
modified) rice Transgenics are released into
environment after series of biosafety tests
 Biosafety = safety of living organisms (human,
microorganisms, plants, animals & insects,…)
 IRRI follows biosafety guidelines of NCBP,
Philippines.
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IRRI: Rice Production Course
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A schematic protocol
for production of fertile
transgenic plants
using:
• biolistic systems,
• protoplast systems
• Agrobacterium
systems
(Datta,et al.)
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Brief history of
transgenics in rice
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Transgenic rice first produced in 1988
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Two methods commonly used to produce
transgenics
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Biolistic
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Agrobacterium mediated
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Both indica and japonica varieties have been
transformed
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
Transgenic rice have been produced carrying
genes for:
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herbicide resistance, bacterial blight, virus,
sheath blight resistance
stem borer resistance
high iron, golden rice
No commercial release of transgenic rice
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Transgenic rice – production,
characterization and evaluation
1.
Transgene availability – local or imported
2.
Insertion into the elite line
3.
Growing of transgenics in containment facility (CL4),
low level containment facility (screen house)
4.
Characterization and evaluation of transgenics (based
on agronomic and molecular chracteristics)
5.
Commercial release of transgenics
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Transgenic rice with Xa21 gene showing resistance to bacterial blight
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Transgenic rice (golden rice) with psy, crtl, lcy genes possessing B-carotene
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Transgenic rice with Bt gene showing resistance to stem borer
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Some examples of transgenic rice
produced at IRRI
Trait
Transgene(s)
Status
Xa21
Field tested in India, China
and Philippines
Bt (cry1A, 1B, 1C,
etc)
Field tested in China. Bt genes
introduced into many cultivars
Sheath blight
resistance
Chitinase
Transgenics show increased
tolerance to sheath blight
Abiotic stress
tolerance
DREB
Transgenics produced are
under evaluation
psy, cry1, lcy
Many varieties transformed.
Backcrossing used to introduce
into other varieties by NARES
Bacterial blight
Stem borer resistance
Golden rice
(ß-carotene)
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Transgenic rice and biosafety
Biosafety component
Activity (ties)
Food and health safety
Assessment of GM rice for toxicity, allergenicity and
nutritional imbalance
Environmental safety
Capacity building on biosafety of GM
rice
Effect of GM rice on:
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beneficial insects
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soil micro-organisms
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non-target species (plants, animals, microbes)
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Gene flow from transgenic to non-transgenic rice and
wild species of Oryza
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Development of resistance to pests
• Training courses/workshop on risk
assessment, regulatory processes and
public awareness
• Detection of transgene(s) using PCR kits
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IRRI: Rice Production Course
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Can anyone briefly summarize the
importance of transgenic rice?
Questions or comments?
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