Transcript The National Environmental Agency Georgia

THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY
GEORGIA
WMO FORUM: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF
WEATHER, CLIMATE AND WATER
SERVICES
Dr. George Kordzakhia
WMO HEADQUARTERS,
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
8-11 APRIL 2013
HYSTORY AND PRESENT CONDITIONS OF
NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM IN
GEORGIA
2006
Geospatial resources: geography
SOURCE: GeoGraphic
3
BRIEF HYSTORY
May 14, 1844 the Tbilisi magneticmetorological observatory was founded;
In
 The
Agency and its hydrometeorological
department are heir-at-law . Therefore the
Agency is the oldest organization in Georgia.
STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY
DEPARTMENT OF
HYDROMETEOROLOGY
DEPARTMENT
OF ENVIRONMENT
POLLUTION
MONITORING
DEPARTMENT
OF GEOLOGICAL
DISASTERS
BRANCHES OF THE AGENCY
ADJARA
STATIONS
GAUGES
LABORATORIES
KOLCHKHETI
STATIONS
GAUGES
LABORATORIES
SAMTSKHEJAVAKHETI
KARTLI
KAKHETI
STATIONS
GAUGES
LABORATORIES
STATIONS
GAUGES
LABORATORIES
STATIONS
GAUGES
LABORATORIES
FUNCTIONS OF THE AGENCY

On the territory of Georgia and Black Sea in the fields of meteorology,
hydrology, operational oceanography, environmental monitoring and
geodynamics carrying out observations, analysis, forecasting, research
and provision with products population, governmental bodies and
various sectors of economy;
Monitoring over hydro and morpho dynamic processes,
permanent mapping works, identification of risk zones and
forecasting of coastline development in the coastline zone of
the sea;

Issuing warnings in case of disasters of meteorological, hydrological and
geodynamic origin and in occasion of high and extreme pollution of the
environment;
Fulfillment of international commitments under various conventions and
bilateral and multilateral agreements in the spheres of meteorology,
hydrology and environmental pollution monitoring in frames its
competence.
REMARK Functioning of the Agency is not possible without daily
connections with the NMHSs and other similar services and international
organizations (i.e. interchange of operational information, including
forecasts and warnings etc.).

SHORT HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF
METEOROLOGY&HYDROLOGY
IN GEORGIA (1)
1832 Creation of episodic meteorological observations;
1844 Magnetic-meteorological observatory was established
and regular meteorological observations started ;
1850 Creation of glaciological observations ( Devdoraki);
1883 Specialized agrometeorological observations started;
1904 Actinometrical observations started;
1914 The weather service was established;
1905 Hydrological observations started;
1930 Hydrometeorological Service was established;
1931 Air meteorological observations started ;
SHORT HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF
METEOROLOGY&HYDROLOGY
IN GEORGIA (2)
1932 Snow height field work measurements started;
1937 Upper air sounding started;
1964 Marine hydro meteorological observations started;
1967 Works on hail active influence were started;
1979 Works on precipitation artificial stimulation
were started;
1988 Works on avalanches artificial descending were
started.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (1)
This slide represents the basic results of pilot research
according to economic efficiency, of various branches of
economy, of Hydrometeorological Provision (HMP) in
Georgia, carried out by joint efforts of experts of National
Hydrometeorological Service (NHMS) and IBRD. The aim
of a pilot phase of the research is definition of direct
influence of quality and early warning improvement of
hydrometeorological forecasts and preventions about the
dangerous Hydrometeorological Phenomena (HP) in the
frame of economic losses.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (2)
The national economy is characterized on dependence of
weather condition which is defined by specific weight of
the most significant sensitive branches of industry
determinant gross national product (GDP), these
branches are the industry (heavy, light), an agriculture,
transport and construction. The percentage of GDP from
industry is 28 %, from agriculture - 25 %, from transport
and communication - 10 %, from constructions - 5 %. As
a whole the depending on weather condition branches of
economy of Georgia is 68 % of GDP.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (3)
The peculiarity of a physiographic position, a
development of economy and its dependence on weather
conditions of Georgia define the basic risks combined with
adverse conditions of weather.
In the territory of Georgia the most dangerous adverse
conditions of weather, caused risks of economy are:
heavy shower, drought, frost, hailstone, strong wind, ice,
fog, thunder-storms.
All these phenomena bring
significant material and human losses.
In territory of Georgia within a year the number of days
reach: abundant precipitation (more than 30 mm per
day) - 30; hailstone - 5, thunder-storm - 50, fog - 120,
strong wind - 40, frost - 60. The probability of strong
droughts in steppe areas of east Georgia reach 40 % in
this connection its desertification probability makes 30 %.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (4)
The base of used branch investigation consists in
definition of two key parameters, which are necessary for
integrated estimation
of economic
feasibility
of
modernization of NHMS: (i) a share potentially
preventable losses from the total losses which will be
possible to avoid as a result of realization of
modernization (according to the developed methodology
they represent two factors - Ri·Si); (ii) a share of level of
expenses for preventive (protective) actions as a result of
improvement
of
reliability
hydrometeorological
information and its early warning (Δi).
The
influence
of
dangerous
hydrometeorological
phenomena (DHP) and adverse conditions of weather
(ACW) on economy cause damages both direct and
indirect economic losses.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (5)
Taking into account that the indirect economic losses
from influence of DHP can be estimated only on the basis
of meteorology-economic modeling and in this presented
assessment these losses were not estimated. In this
connection the share potentially preventable losses was
estimated from a level of direct economic losses caused
by DHP and ACW (Ri·Si for DHP) and from a level of
indirect economic losses caused by ACW (Ri·Si for ACW)
separately.
Assessment was carried out accordingly with specially
developed questionnaire which purpose was not only
expert definition of the key parameters necessary for
calculation of economic efficiency of modernization, but
also receive the information about quality and timeliness
of meteorological services given on today.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (6)
The estimation of key parameters was carried out in two
stages. At the first stage was lead the expert estimation
of parameters on separate branches of economy. At the
second stage, using an average estimation, was
calculated average values of basic factors Ri·Si for DHP,
Ri·Si for
ACW and Δi, necessary for an integrated
estimation of economic efficiency of modernization of
NHMS.
According to presented report of NHMS the annual direct
economic losses on the country for 1995-2004 are VDHP =
95,23 million GEL ($47,6 million), annual indirect
economic losses – VACW = 42,49 million Lari ($21,25
million). This statistics is confirmed by the economy
branches experts
independent estimations who
participated in the present assessment.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (7)
Improvement
of
quality
and
preliminary
of
hydrometeorological forecasts will allow to reduce the
losses, caused by DHP and ACW, approximately to 15,1
% for direct and 12,9 % for indirect economic losses. The
most sensitive to modernization in both cases fined out a
municipal services where the losses will reduce up to 22,1
% and 19,9 % accordingly;
As a result of improvement of quality and preliminary of
hydrometeorological information, the users for protective
actions and liquidation of negative impacts of DHP and
ACW will spend on economy 12,8 % less;
The Integrated results have shown, that for average
losses - $28,25-47,6 and $21,25 million annual economic
benefit of modernization can make 14,92 - 20,77 million
Lari ($7,45 - $10,38 million) accordingly.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS OF WEATHER,
CLIMATE AND WATER SERVICES (8)
Assuming, that this mean annual economic benefit will
be provided within 7 years after modernization, total
potential benefits can achieve from 52,15 up to 72,66
million USD. It means, that economic feasibility
(economic efficiency) of modernization (at cost $7
million) approximately makes 1:7,5 - 1:10,4. Another
words, each dollar directed on modernization of NHMS of
Georgia, can bring 7,5-10,4 USD of benefit to economy.
The used methodology supposes an estimation only for
the direct effect, basically expressed, in reduction of
losses
from
the
dangerous
hydrometeorological
phenomena and adverse conditions of weather. The given
assessment does not consist the additional social and
economic effect connected with Private sector of
economic. In this connection, the received results is
possible to consider as “estimation from below”; The real
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