Transcript Similarities and differences

Similarities and differences
 Latin America and the Caribbean are similar
to the CIS and to the SEE in terms of
growth and per capita GDP
 There are also similarities in terms of
diversity among the countries
 And we face similar challenges:
 We also need to increase the size of
knowledge-intensive sectors
 We also need to enhance social cohesion
 But there are deep differences in terms of
income distribution
Per capita GDP in Latin America and the
Caribbean is very near Eastern Europe’s and
the CIS’s levels
Per capita Income (PPP, 2004)
40000
Constant 2000 international $
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
North America
EU 15
EU 10
ECE
Source: The World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006.
SEE
CIS
Latin America
& Caribbean
Source: The World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2006
0
Argentina
Trinidad and Tobago
Chile
Mexico
Costa Rica
Uruguay
Brazil
Dominican Republic
Colombia
Panama
Peru
Venezuela, BR
El Salvador
Paraguay
Guyana
Guatemala
Jamaica
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Honduras
Bolivia
Haiti
Heterogeneity in terms of per capita
GDP is also very significant
GDP per capita (PPP, 2003)
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
But income distribution is much more unequal:
LAC’s best is equivalent to CIS’s worst
Gini coefficient - Selected countries
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
U
ru
gu
a
y
(U
R
Ja B)
m
Pa Co aic
r a st a a
gu
R
a
Ve y ica
ne (AM
zu
A
el )
El a,
Pa S a BR
na l va
m do
a
(U r
R
Ec B)
u
Ar ado
ge r
nt
in
M a
ex
ic
o
C
C hile
ol
o
H mbi
on a
du
ra
s
Br
az
il
0.000
1990
2003 -2005
There are also similarities in terms of
the dimensions of social exclusion
 Poverty
 Unemployment
 Gender discrimination
 Ethnic inequalities and
discrimination
After stagnating in 1997-2002, poverty and
indigence rates have fallen sharply in recent
years, yet the percentage of people living in
poverty is still close to the 1980 figure
LATIN AMERICA : TRENDS IN POVERTY AND INDIGENCE, 1990-2006
(Percentages)
60
Percentage
50
40
48.3
40.5
30
20
18.6
22.5
43.5
19.0
43.8
44.0
18.5
19.4
1999
2002
42.0
39.8
38.5
16.9
15.4
14.7
2004
2005
2006 b/
10
0
1980
1990
1997
Indigent
Non-indigent poor
Unemployment is falling but is still
higher than it was in the first half of
the 1990s
LATIN AMERICA: EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
10
9
8
Employment rate
e/ Estimates.
e
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
7
19
91
19
90
50
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate
11
Employment rate
55
Extreme poverty rates are higher
among the indigenous population
9
8
Ratio between extreme poverty rates in the indigenous and
general populations
7.9
7
5.9
6
5
4
2.2
Nicaragua 2001
2.8
2.8
Chile 2000
2.1
Bolivia 2002
1.8
2.3
Ecuador 1998
1.8
Peru 2001
2
1.6
Honduras 2003
3
Guatemala 2002
3.3
1
Paraguay 2001
Panama 2002
Mexico 2002
Colombia 1999
0
Argentina
Mexico
Venezuela, BR
Chile
Costa Rica
Panama
Uruguay
Latin America
Dominican Rep.
Guatemala
Brazil
El Salvador
Colombia
Men
Paraguay
Peru
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Nicaragua
Honduras
Bolivia
Ecuador
2000 U$S
A significant income gap between
men and women in Latin America
Wages of urban employed - 2005
Women
The gender and ethnic dimensions
of discrimination and inequality
Percentage of young population (15 to 19 years) that finished primary school
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Indigenous men
Indigenous women
Non-indigenous men
Paraguay
2002
Panama
2000
Mexico
2000
Honduras
2001
Guatemala
2002
Ecuador
2001
Costa Rica
2000
Chile 2002
Brazil 2000
Bolivia 2001
0
Non-indigenous women
Last but not least, we face similar
restrictions in terms of financial aid
ODA 1970-2005 (averages)
60
Percentages .
50
40
30
20
10
0
1970-1980
Low-income countries
LAC 2 countries / 35
CIS 4 countries / 12
1981-1990
1991-2000
Lower-middle-income countries
LAC 15 countries / 35
CIS 7 countries / 12
SEE 5 countries / 6
2001-2005
Upper-middle-income countries
LAC 18 countries / 35
CIS 1 country / 12
SEE 1 country / 6